
2025-06-17 22:10:52
The US Senate confirms Olivia Trusty to the FCC, giving Republicans a 2-1 majority after the recent departures of two members (Ted Johnson/Deadline)
https://deadline.com/2025/06/trump-fcc-majority-olivia-trusty-senate-1236436125/
The US Senate confirms Olivia Trusty to the FCC, giving Republicans a 2-1 majority after the recent departures of two members (Ted Johnson/Deadline)
https://deadline.com/2025/06/trump-fcc-majority-olivia-trusty-senate-1236436125/
scotus_majority: SCOTUS majority opinions
Network of legal citations among majority opinions written by the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS), from 1754-2002 (2008 version) and 1792-2006 (2007 version). In addition to the citation network, node metadata is included giving some description of each opinion.
This network has 25417 nodes and 216738 edges.
Tags: Informational, Legal, Unweighted, Metadata, Temporal
The US Senate confirms Olivia Trusty to the FCC, giving Republicans a 2-1 majority after the recent departures of two members (Ted Johnson/Deadline)
https://deadline.com/2025/06/trump-fcc-majority-olivia-trusty-senate-1236436125/
scotus_majority: SCOTUS majority opinions
Network of legal citations among majority opinions written by the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS), from 1754-2002 (2008 version) and 1792-2006 (2007 version). In addition to the citation network, node metadata is included giving some description of each opinion.
This network has 34613 nodes and 202167 edges.
Tags: Informational, Legal, Unweighted, Metadata, Temporal
Not good
MPs back assisted dying bill in historic Commons vote - BBC News
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cgeqj1egxvyo
6/20/25 ☀️ AM: ... The Senate just started a long weekend, but Senate Majority ... (Punchbowl News)
https://punchbowl.news/archive/62025-am/
http://www.memeorandum.com/250620/p4#a250620p4
"The biased random number generator deleted my production database", people just really want to fool themselves into believing "AI" is real.
For years now I've said that no one would dare cross bridges or board a plane if civil/aerospace engineers worked like the majority of software engineers, and this whole hype just makes me point better than I ever could 😅
https://bsky.app/profile/lookitup.baby/post/3lufqktym522f
I still see no signs that indicate that the D-party has the ability to win seats in 2024 or win the presidency (or house or senate majority) in 2028.
I am perceiving the D-party eroding-itself away leaving individual candidates to run their own campaigns.
Although I am much in favor of the goals of much "identity" based campaign messaging I feel that emphasis on those has cost the progressive/liberal voice too many seats. Those messages, valid and important as they are…
@… @… Political parties in an electoral system that enables a party to win a majority is the traditional means of overcoming this. The US currently has a system of one disciplined political party and one party composed of individual…
How about non Europeans? Can they safely bath in EU's waters as well?
https://flipboard.com/@euronews/green-news-8pjijreoz/-/a-jJtjBPzBTfaTHp1LnzHMFQ:a:89340020-/0
For a moment last week, Donald Trump’s Justice Department appeared to throw a metaphorical life vest to Texas Gov. Greg Abbott’s public relations team.
As search and rescue operations continued, the Republican governor was under fire for suggesting that
survivors and the media were using the “word choice of losers”
when asking him who was to blame for the state’s handling of the flash flood that claimed at least 134 lives over the July 4 weekend.
Abbott also compared…
I see so many young kids now just constantly staring and scrolling through reels, tiktok, youtube clips when we are out and about. Everywhere. It's disgusting and extremely sad at the same time. Initially I was wondering how the hell parents are allowing this, but when you notice grown people just doing the same thing. It's insane how that has become a majority, not a minority, behavior.
Efficient space reduction techniques by optimized majority rules for the Kemeny aggregation problem
Xuan Kien Phung, Sylvie Hamel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15097
Trump's only real policy is revenge against his perceived enemies, which at this point means the vast majority of Americans.
We are all targets.
Many people have this sense that the price of books is primarily linked to the cost of materials, manufacture, & distribution. But the majority of the cost of publishing books are in the labor leading up to the 1st copy: editorial & editorial production work, before any reproduction in whatever format. Addition labor happens later, for marketing. When you buy a book, you’re mainly paying for these kinds of labor.
From: @…
Krispy Kreme: Over 160,000 people had data stolen during November 2024 cyberattack https://therecord.media/krispy-kreme-reports-data-breach-from-2024-attack
Windows 11 on Arm now has enough native apps that most users are spending the majority of their time in them, says Arm https://www.windowscentral.com/software-ap…
Self-Adaptive and Robust Federated Spectrum Sensing without Benign Majority for Cellular Networks
Ngoc Duy Pham, Thusitha Dayaratne, Viet Vo, Shangqi Lai, Sharif Abuadbba, Hajime Suzuki, Xingliang Yuan, Carsten Rudolph
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12127
Why is #Labour blind to the urgent need for PR?
When there are more than 2 parties, FPTP allows parties to get an overwhelming majority of seats on a smallish vote. Labour just did it. Next time, it could be Farage. Is Labour too arrogant to recognise that possibility?
Majority of Voters Oppose Trump's “Big, Beautiful Bill,”
With Just 27 Percent Backing It
The bill would gut billions of dollars in health care spending,
and redistribute wealth from the poor to the rich.
https://truthout.org/articl…
Characterizing asymmetric and bimodal long-term financial return distributions through quantum walks
Stijn De Backer, Luis E. C. Rocha, Jan Ryckebusch, Koen Schoors
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13019
Theoretical Tensions in RLHF: Reconciling Empirical Success with Inconsistencies in Social Choice Theory
Jiancong Xiao, Zhekun Shi, Kaizhao Liu, Qi Long, Weijie J. Su
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12350
Immigration raids leave crops unharvested and California farms at risk
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2025/07/01/markets/immigration-raids-california-farms/
🆓
«people’s options for mainstream (and an alarming amount of industry) news are somewhere between “I’m smarter than you,” “something happened!” “sneering contempt,” “a trip to the principal’s office,” or “here’s who you should be mad at,” which I realize also describes the majority of the New York Times opinion page.»
https://www.wheresyoured.at/sic/
They're going to allow sixteen year olds to vote in the next election, presumably so they can learn about futility and pointless hallow ineffectuality at a nice young age.
The vast majority of those 16 and 17 year olds will be voting in safe seats where their votes amount to nothing and can change nothing.
There are far more important electoral reforms which are of course not being done.
#voting #ukpol #electoralReform
@… The Supreme Court majority is now lawless.
Efficient Adaptation of Pre-trained Vision Transformer underpinned by Approximately Orthogonal Fine-Tuning Strategy
Yiting Yang, Hao Luo, Yuan Sun, Qingsen Yan, Haokui Zhang, Wei Dong, Guoqing Wang, Peng Wang, Yang Yang, Hengtao Shen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13260
Congressional sanctions on hold as Trump threatens Russia with 'severe' tariffs: https://benborges.xyz/2025/07/15/congressional-sanctions-on-hold-as.html
Four wealthy nations
—the United States, Canada, Norway, and Australia
—account for the majority of planned oil and gas expansion over the next decade,
according to new data published by Oil Change Internationalon Monday, the first day of the Bonn Climate Change Conference in Germany.
Oil Change's analysis,
titled Planet Wreckers,
notes that if those four Global North nations stopped their planned new oil and gas extraction,
32 billion tons of carb…
More than 80% of content on Civitai AI image platform is overtly sexual, much of it non-consensual imagery of real living people.
And it's not governments trying to control that, but payment providers.
https://www.404media.co/a16z-backed-ai-sit
An All-sky Survey of White Dwarf Merger Remnants: Far-UV is the Key
Mukremin Kilic, Pierre Bergeron, Warren R. Brown, Simon Blouin, Gracyn Jewett, Adam Moss, Patrick Dufour, Olivier Vincent
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12655
Majority bootstrap percolation on the permutahedron and other high-dimensional graphs
Maur\'icio Collares, Joshua Erde, Anna Geisler, Mihyun Kang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06597
haha real funny how the vast majority of interactions with my art and film related posts come from people like twice my age haha, surely all the other zoomers on this network aren't too irony poisoned and or dead inside to care about these things haha
A majority of six of the 11 judges on Brazil's Supreme Court have voted to hold social media companies liable for some types of users' content seen as illegal (Ricardo Brito/Reuters)
https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/…
An investigation into the nonconformity of homogeneous gas limit for kinetic energy density of atomic systems
Priya, Anuvab Panda, Saswata Basu, Mainak Sadhukhan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15393
Einstein Probe Discovery of EP J182730.0-095633: A New Black Hole X-ray Binary Candidate in Faint Outburst?
Huaqing Cheng, Qingchang Zhao, L. Tao, H. Feng, F. Coti Zelati, H. W. Pan, A. L. Wang, Y. N. Wang, M. Y. Ge, A. Rau, A. Marino, L. Zhang, W. J. Zhang, F. Carotenuto, L. Ji, C. C. Jin, D. Y. Li, B. F. Liu, Y. Liu, E. L. Qiao, N. Rea, R. Soria, S. Wang, Z. Yan, W. Yuan, B. Zhang, G. B. Zhang, S. N. Zhang, W. D. Zhang, A. Beardmore, J. S. Bright, X. L. Chen, Z. Fan, S. Y. Fu, J. P. …
One of the problems with vibe coding is that the hardest part of software engineering is not writing the code, rather it's *choosing* what to code, and designing the system (and, later on, maintaining the code/operations/etc)
The barriers and investment cost to writing code is itself a *desirable* aspect of software engineering because it forces you to make careful, good choices before you invest in building something
Because the majority of the time spent writing, say, curl,…
scotus_majority: SCOTUS majority opinions
Network of legal citations among majority opinions written by the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS), from 1754-2002 (2008 version) and 1792-2006 (2007 version). In addition to the citation network, node metadata is included giving some description of each opinion.
This network has 25417 nodes and 216738 edges.
Tags: Informational, Legal, Unweighted, Metadata, Temporal
Is it odd to feel rebellious for *not* doing/liking something that the majority of people in some group you belong to do/like, and which they maybe think is a sign of non-conformity?
I don’t like metal/heavy music (even though most of Finns who aren’t into horrible tango/schlager do).
I don’t put stickers on my laptop (like most FLOSS devs/fans do).
I have no tattoos.
The vast majority of the plastic flotsam and jetsam in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (the North Pacific Garbage Patch) consists of discarded fishing gear.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-16529-0
Good electoral reforms. But it's VERY disappointing that Labour clings to first-past-the-post. Not only does FPTP make no sense when there are more than 2 parties, but, most importantly, change to PR could be the only way to prevent a far-right majority in 2029. Wake up!
https:…
"Just Because You Lost The Battle, It Doesn't Mean You've Lost The War: Justice Sonia Sotomayor's dissent shows there is a way forward."
Sotomayor Outlawyers Supreme Court Majority In Shadow Docket Deportation Ruling - Above the Law
https://abovethelaw.com/2025/06/sotomayor-outlawyers-supreme-court-majority-in-shadow-docket-deportation-ruling/
Nearly half of Israelis support army killing all Palestinians in Gaza, poll finds.
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/majority-israelis-support-expulsion-palestinians-gaza-poll
Surprised no one in my timeline highlighted this source probs, maybe the majority of the fedi collectivity shrugs? https://status.cloud.google.com/incidents/ow5i3PPK96RduMcb1SsW
Met someone from the #Philippines who knew nearly nothing about #Indonesia but was convinced it must be much more conservative than their home country only because it's #Muslim majority...
Bears TE Colston Loveland: Shoulder injury progressing, but won’t really know until training camp https://www.nfl.com/news/bears-te-colston-loveland-shoulder-injury-progressing-but-won-t-really-know-until-training-camp…
🌮 Corn after soy: New study quantifies rotation benefits and trade-offs
#corn
New poll on "abundance agenda" shows majority still support local decision-making.
Do you support or oppose limiting local zoning rules to build more homes? Yes 28% No 43%
https://www.gelliottmorris.com/p/trump-approval-at-42-democrats-up
BUT…
Only a year until the start of the next men's world cup! We've got 365 days (plus the tournament itself) to watch FIFA sink to new lows as it works hard to please its authoritarian (majority) host, all the while lining its pockets and those of its officials. Fans will once again pass the time desperately applying the sausage principle - don't ask how it's made - to the largest sporting event on the planet.
Towards culturally-appropriate conversational AI for health in the majority world: An exploratory study with citizens and professionals in Latin America
Dorian Peters, Fernanda Espinoza, Marco da Re, Guido Ivetta, Luciana Benotti, Rafael A. Calvo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01719
Scaling the memory wall using mixed-precision -- HPG-MxP on an exascale machine
Aditya Kashi, Nicholson Koukpaizan, Hao Lu, Michael Matheson, Sarp Oral, Feiyi Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11512
scotus_majority: SCOTUS majority opinions
Network of legal citations among majority opinions written by the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS), from 1754-2002 (2008 version) and 1792-2006 (2007 version). In addition to the citation network, node metadata is included giving some description of each opinion.
This network has 34613 nodes and 202167 edges.
Tags: Informational, Legal, Unweighted, Metadata, Temporal
Pairwise similarity method for majority domination problem
N. I. Shushko, D. V. Lemtyuzhnikova
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08886 https://
SCOTUS majority appears likely to OK nation's first religious charter school https://www.lawdork.com/p/scotus-oklahoma-religious-charter-school-arguments?r=e32bm&utm_campaign=post&…
Me, at the start of the semester: In order to pass this course, you need to complete the majority of the weekly exercises.
Student at the end of the semester: I had no idea that 4 exercises would not be enough!!
The semester has 14 weeks of courses.
#AcademicChatter
Me, at the start of the semester: In order to pass this course, you need to complete the majority of the weekly exercises.
Student at the end of the semester: I had no idea that 4 exercises would not be enough!!
The semester has 14 weeks of courses.
#AcademicChatter
Me, at the start of the semester: In order to pass this course, you need to complete the majority of the weekly exercises.
Student at the end of the semester: I had no idea that 4 exercises would not be enough!!
The semester has 14 weeks of courses.
#AcademicChatter
No Midcost Democracy
Hans Gersbach, Arthur Schichl, Oriol Tejada
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07300 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.07300
Just read through "Sanctuary" by Paola Mendez & Abby Sher, which was electrifying as I read news about ICE kidnappings in local towns, including one in Waltham today where they left a kid alone on the sidewalk:
#ICE #kidnappings
Predicting the response of structurally altered and asymmetrical networks
Melvyn Tyloo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14609 https://arxiv…
Optimal Debiased Inference on Privatized Data via Indirect Estimation and Parametric Bootstrap
Zhanyu Wang, Arin Chang, Jordan Awan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10746
❝Cloudflare, along with a majority of the world's leading publishers and AI companies, is changing the default to block AI crawlers unless they pay creators for their content.❞
Oh!
❝But that's just the beginning. Next, we'll work on a marketplace where content creators and AI companies, large and small, can come together.❞
Oh.
First quote sounds like a strike. Second quote sounds more like a company trying to situate itself as an unavoidable middle player who can control both sides of a market.
https://mastodon.acm.org/@avandeursen/114799313365332691
Suddenly the political outlook looks very grim in Spain as the majority coalition party, Sšnchez's PSOE is mired in a corruption scandal.
Sšnchez himself not implicated but his judgement in appointing ministers is.
Minority parties could withdraw.
Election not due til 2027 but how long can he hold on?
Alliance of post Franco PP and neofascist Vox is the nightmare scenario.
El día en que colapsó la legislatura
A Bayesian Incentive Mechanism for Poison-Resilient Federated Learning
Daniel Commey, Rebecca A. Sarpong, Griffith S. Klogo, Winful Bagyl-Bac, Garth V. Crosby
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12439
Jordan is TIED with Susan Collins in the country's closest Senate race
This is Dems' BEST chance to flip the Senate.
Help Jordan Wood WIN
https://j4me.org/l
Democrats have no other way to win the majority in the Senate in 2026 without beating Collins.
To win the majority, they would n…
New poll on "abundance agenda" shows majority still support local decision-making.
Do you support or oppose limiting local zoning rules to build more homes? Yes 28% No 43%
https://www.gelliottmorris.com/p/trump-approval-at-42-democrats-up
BUT…
Majority dynamics on finite trees
Itai Benjamini, Georgii Zakharov, Maksim Zhukovskii
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04714 https://arxiv.…
More time should be devoted about the (near) future businessmodels of AI and how it collects data/content. Just trying to prevent AI models from scraping data will be futile.
https://blog.cloudflare.com/content-independence-day-no-ai-crawl-without-compen…
Viele europäische #Landwirt*innen zeigen mehr #Klimaskepsis als andere Berufsgruppen, vor allem in wohlhabenderen Ländern mit geringerem #Klimarisiko.
Das erschwert
It's not a security alert, my dear Google. It's by design.
@…
#Proton #degoogleAdventures
This graphic showing that Cursor now has the majority market share over GitHub Copilot is fascinating. I’m curious if it’s because Cursor is an individual’s tool (so people are spending their own money). In contrast, GitHub Copilot is an enterprise tool (your corporate sugar daddy typically buys it for you).
Pretty amazing. And yet, the majority of Americans won’t see this story because the truth is paywalled but the bullshit is free. Which feels more and more to me like one of the world’s most important problems.
https://masto.ai/@Nonilex/114580574368958399
"The vast majority of arrests have been for failing to leave the area in defiance of requests from law enforcement, according to police."
The Latest: Los Angeles police have made nearly 400 arrests and detentions since Saturday - SooLeader
https://www.sooleader.com/michigan-news-ap/the-latest-los-angeles-police-have-made-nearly-400-arrests-and-detentions-since-saturday-10793135
Brazil's Supreme Court rules that social media companies are accountable for some types of user content seen as illegal, a decision that could result in fines (Ricardo Brito/Reuters)
https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/bra
Meta said it supports proposals for an EU-wide age of digital adulthood, below which minors would need parental consent to use social media (Brian O'Donovan/RTÉ)
https://www.rte.ie/news/2025/0704/1521746-meta-eu/
$GW$ 2SOSEX self-energy made positive semi-definite
Fabien Bruneval, Arno F\"orster, Yaroslav Pavlyukh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13293 https://
SCOTUS majority appears likely to OK nation's first religious charter school https://www.lawdork.com/p/scotus-oklahoma-religious-charter-school-arguments?r=e32bm&utm_campaign=post&…
Efficient Branch-and-Bound for Submodular Function Maximization under Knapsack Constraint
Yimin Hao, Yi Zhou, Chao Xu, Zhang-Hua Fu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11107
It can be useful to remember who are these national guard troops. You may be surprised to realize that the majority of our men (and a few of our women) are already subject to Federal control by FFOTUS as commander-in-chief of the militia.
They are defined by our Federal law https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/te…
"As we approach the coming jobs cliff, we're entering a period where a college isn't going to be worth it for the majority of people, since AI will take over most white-collar jobs. Combined with the demographic cliff, the entire higher education system will crumble."
This is the kind of statement you don't hear that much from sub-CEO-level #AI boosters, because it's awkward for them to admit that the tech they think is improving their life is going to be disastrous for society. Or if they do admit this, they spin it like it's a good thing (don't get me wrong, tuition is ludicrously high and higher education absolutely could be improved by a wholesale reinvention, but the potential AI-fueled collapse won't be an improvement).
I'm in the "anti-AI" crowd myself, and I think the current tech is in a hype bubble that will collapse before we see wholesale replacement of white-collar jobs, with a re-hiring to come that will somewhat make up for the current decimation. There will still be a lot of fallout for higher ed (and hopefully some productive transformation), but it might not be apocalyptic.
Fun question to ask the next person who extols the virtues of using generative AI for their job: "So how long until your boss can fire you and use the AI themselves?"
The following ideas are contradictory:
1. "AI is good enough to automate a lot of mundane tasks."
2. "AI is improving a lot so those pesky issues will be fixed soon."
3. "AI still needs supervision so I'm still needed to do the full job."
a16z-Backed AI Site Civitai Is Mostly Porn, Despite Claiming Otherwise https://www.404media.co/a16z-backed-ai-site-civitai-is-mostly-porn-despite-claiming-otherwise/
NFL minicamp 2025 live updates: Browns rookie QBs look sharp https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/45460351/nfl-minicamp-live-updates-2025-news-notes-depth-charts
Mike Johnson warns Senate GOP they're fucking the House majority - National Zero
https://nationalzero.com/2025/06/25/mike-johnson-warns-senate-gop-theyre-fucking-the-house-majority/
On the $h$-majority dynamics with many opinions
Francesco d'Amore, Niccol\`o D'Archivio, George Giakkoupis, Emanuele Natale
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20218
WBD's split is set to close in mid-2026; CFO Gunnar Wiedenfels says he assumes "the majority" of WBD's ~$37B debt will exist with the spun off Global Networks (Tony Maglio/The Hollywood Reporter)
https://www.hollyw…
There has been an increase of arrests by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement since Trump began his second term,
with reports of raids across the country.
-- Yet the majority of people currently detained by ICE have no criminal convictions.
Of those who do, relatively few have been convicted of high-level crimes
— a stark contrast to the chilling nightmare Trump describes to support his border security agenda.
“There’s a deep disconnect between the rhetoric …
«Sure, people from Latin-language-majority countries also list their “pronouns” in e-mail signatures and on social-media profiles, but this is, I think, largely the subconscious acceptance of the English-speakers’ hegemony over social norms (and queerness?).»
🔥 by @….
I'd even go one further and say "USian English's hegemony, both for online social norms generally and queerness in particular 🙈
https://blog.achintyarao.in/post/the-english-language/
The MAGA era
— and the three latest Trump appointees to the Court
— has resulted in a new, gruesome project:
❌giving Trump whatever he wants.
🔥This toxic combination of bigotry and fealty has created a Court that uses all its might to attack the less powerful
while coddling those who already have it all — particularly Donald Trump.
It’s a Court with a very clear vision of who matters and who needs protection.
The majority opinion in "Trump v. C…
A deep dive into Apple TV's privacy features shows that Apple's streaming device is more private than the vast majority of alternatives, save for dumb TVs (Scharon Harding/Ars Technica)
https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2025/0
"Maryland House of Delegates Majority Leader David Moon (D) told host Alicia Menendez that two bills he's introduced would enable his state to begin withholding state funds meant for the federal government. Moon defended the bills as necessary due to the Trump administration's recent announcement withholding $7 billion from K-12 schools across the country."
'Act like a collections agency': Democrat reveals blue states' secret weapon against Trump - Alternet.org
https://www.alternet.org/blue-states-trump/
The Trump administration knew
that the vast majority of the
238 Venezuelan immigrants
it sent to a maximum-security prison in El Salvador in mid-March
had not been convicted of crimes in the United States
before it labeled them as terrorists and deported them,
according to U.S. Department of Homeland Security data
that has not been previously reported.
A group of 17 GOP governors write to Senate majority leader and House speaker urging for the state AI bill moratorium to be removed from the reconciliation bill (Ashley Gold/Axios)
https://www.axios.com/pro/tech-policy/2025
During the election campaign, Trump and his cronies declared they would deport the allegedly massive numbers of “criminal aliens.”
When Trump came into office, however, he faced a problem:
The vast majority of undocumented immigrants are law abiding.
But Trumpists came up with an answer:
Create fake crimes and thereby turn the law abiding into criminals.
Trump announced the US is
“under invasion” by a foreign power
in order to invoke the rarely us…
Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson is "breaking the fourth wall, speaking beyond the court,”
said Melissa Murray, a law professor at New York University.
💥“She is alarmed at what the court is doing and is sounding that in a different register,
one that is less concerned with the appearance of collegiality and more concerned with how the court appears to the public.”
Her slashing critiques sometimes seemed to test her colleagues’ patience,
culminating in an unchar…