Tootfinder

Open, Reproducible and Trustworthy Robot-Based Experiments with Virtual Labs and Digital-Twin-Based Execution Tracing
Benjamin Alt, Mareike Picklum, Sorin Arion, Franklin Kenghagho Kenfack, Michael Beetz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11406

Open, Reproducible and Trustworthy Robot-Based Experiments with Virtual Labs and Digital-Twin-Based Execution Tracing
We envision a future in which autonomous robots conduct scientific experiments in ways that are not only precise and repeatable, but also open, trustworthy, and transparent. To realize this vision, we present two key contributions: a semantic execution tracing framework that logs sensor data together with semantically annotated robot belief states, ensuring that automated experimentation is transparent and replicable; and the AICOR Virtual Research Building (VRB), a cloud-based platform for sha…

Monophotons at Neutrino Experiments from Neutrino Polarizability
Julia Gehrlein, Ian M. Shoemaker, Anil Thapa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14881 https://

Monophotons at Neutrino Experiments from Neutrino Polarizability
Nontrivial electromagnetic properties of neutrinos are an avenue to physics beyond the Standard Model. To this end, we investigate the power of monophoton signals at neutrino experiments to probe a higher-dimensional operator connecting neutrinos to SM photons dubbed, neutrino polarizability. A simplified scenario giving rise to this operator involves a new pseudo-scalar that couples to both neutrinos and photons, with clear implications for axion-like particle (ALP) and Majoron physics. By ana…

Massive Supervised Fine-tuning Experiments Reveal How Data, Layer, and Training Factors Shape LLM Alignment Quality
Yuto Harada, Yusuke Yamauchi, Yusuke Oda, Yohei Oseki, Yusuke Miyao, Yu Takagi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14681

Massive Supervised Fine-tuning Experiments Reveal How Data, Layer, and Training Factors Shape LLM Alignment Quality
Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a critical step in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human instructions and values, yet many aspects of SFT remain poorly understood. We trained a wide range of base models on a variety of datasets including code generation, mathematical reasoning, and general-domain tasks, resulting in 1,000+ SFT models under controlled conditions. We then identified the dataset properties that matter most and examined the layer-wise modifications introduced by SFT. Our…

Learning mixed quantum states in large-scale experiments
Matteo Votto, Marko Ljubotina, C\'ecilia Lancien, J. Ignacio Cirac, Peter Zoller, Maksym Serbyn, Lorenzo Piroli, Beno\^it Vermersch
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12550

Learning mixed quantum states in large-scale experiments
We present and test a protocol to learn the matrix-product operator (MPO) representation of an experimentally prepared quantum state. The protocol takes as an input classical shadows corresponding to local randomized measurements, and outputs the tensors of a MPO which maximizes a suitably-defined fidelity with the experimental state. The tensor optimization is carried out sequentially, similarly to the well-known density matrix renormalization group algorithm. Our approach is provably efficien…

Review of Machine Learning for Real-Time Analysis at the Large Hadron Collider experiments ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb
Laura Boggia, Carlos Cocha, Fotis Giasemis, Joachim Hansen, Patin Inkaew, Kaare Endrup Iversen, Pratik Jawahar, Henrique Pineiro Monteagudo, Micol Olocco, Sten Astrand, Martino Borsato, Leon Bozianu, Steven Schramm, the SMARTHEP Network

Review of Machine Learning for Real-Time Analysis at the Large Hadron Collider experiments ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb
The field of high energy physics (HEP) has seen a marked increase in the use of machine learning (ML) techniques in recent years. The proliferation of applications has revolutionised many aspects of the data processing pipeline at collider experiments including the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this whitepaper, we discuss the increasingly crucial role that ML plays in real-time analysis (RTA) at the LHC, namely in the context of the unique challenges posed by the trigger systems of the large …

"New technologies, when introduced, are typically given names that overstate their capabilities, usually by equating them with existing familiar systems or technological artefacts. For example the first computers in the 1940s and 1950s, often little more than glorified electric adding machines, were nevertheless described as “electronic brains”. More recently, large language models (LLMs) have been touted as “artificial intelligence”, and complex physics experiments have been touted as …

Comparisons of Experiments in Moral Hazard Problems
Zizhe Xia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12476 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.12476

Comparisons of Experiments in Moral Hazard Problems
I use a novel geometric approach to compare information in moral hazard problems. I study three nested geometric orders on information, namely the column space, the conic span, and the zonotope orders. The orders are defined by the inclusion of the column space, the conic span, and the zonotope of the matrices representing the experiments. For each order, I establish four equivalent characterizations, (i) inclusion of polyhedral sets of feasible state dependent utilities, (ii) matrix factorizat…

Young TIM: A wave-optics simulator with slightly special powers
Sean Leavey, Johannes Courtial
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15359 https://

Young TIM: A wave-optics simulator with slightly special powers
Wave optics is a prominent part of the undergraduate physics curriculum, and many undergraduate labs contain experiments on wave optics. In our 3rd-year undergraduate lab, we run numerical simulations alongside the experiments (and when pandemic restrictions did not allow students into the lab, those simulations replaced some experiments). We use Young TIM, an interactive wave-optics simulator designed to be a research tool that can also be used for the dissemination of our research and for edu…

Choosing the Better Bandit Algorithm under Data Sharing: When Do A/B Experiments Work?
Shuangning Li, Chonghuan Wang, Jingyan Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11891

Choosing the Better Bandit Algorithm under Data Sharing: When Do A/B Experiments Work?
We study A/B experiments that are designed to compare the performance of two recommendation algorithms. Prior work has shown that the standard difference-in-means estimator is biased in estimating the global treatment effect (GTE) due to a particular form of interference between experimental units. Specifically, units under the treatment and control algorithms contribute to a shared pool of data that subsequently train both algorithms, resulting in interference between the two groups. The bias …

ALEA IACTA EST: A Declarative Domain-Specific Language for Manually Performable Random Experiments
Baltasar Tranc\'on y Widemann, Markus Lepper
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11794

ALEA IACTA EST: A Declarative Domain-Specific Language for Manually Performable Random Experiments
Random experiments that are simple and clear enough to be performed by human agents feature prominently in the teaching of elementary stochastics as well as in games. We present Alea, a domain-specific language for the specification of random experiments. Alea code can either be analyzed statically to obtain and inspect probability distributions of outcomes, or be executed with a source pseudo-randomness for simulation or as a game assistant. The language is intended for ease of use by non-expe…

Consistency analysis and nuclear data validation for two series of beryllium reflector critical benchmark experiments
Shengli Chen, Tianxiang Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12757

Consistency analysis and nuclear data validation for two series of beryllium reflector critical benchmark experiments
Neutron-induced nuclear reaction data on beryllium playing a crucial role in nuclear application. However, discrepancies have been observed in two closely related series of beryllium-reflector fast-spectrum critical benchmark experiments, HMF-058 and HMF-066, which are widely used in current nuclear data validation. In this work, we address these inconsistencies by improving the secondary angular distributions of the (n,n) and (n,2n) reactions of beryllium, thereby making the theoretical calcul…

DATA-DRIVEN PRONTO: a Model-free Solution for Numerical Optimal Control
Marco Borghesi, Lorenzo Sforni, Giuseppe Notarstefano
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15465

DATA-DRIVEN PRONTO: a Model-free Solution for Numerical Optimal Control
This article addresses the problem of data-driven numerical optimal control for unknown nonlinear systems. In our scenario, we suppose to have the possibility of performing multiple experiments (or simulations) on the system. Experiments are performed by relying on a data-driven tracking controller able to steer the system towards a desired reference. Our proposed DATA-DRIVEN PRONTO algorithm iteratively refines a tentative solution of the optimal control problem by computing an approximate des…

Robust Extraction of Global 21 cm Spectrum from Experiments with a Chromatic Beam Based on Physics-Motivated Error Modeling
Haoran Li, Furen Deng, Meng Zhou, Yidong Xu, Xuelei Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13102

Robust Extraction of Global 21 cm Spectrum from Experiments with a Chromatic Beam Based on Physics-Motivated Error Modeling
The extraction of the sky-averaged 21 cm signal from Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization faces significant challenges. The bright and anisotropic Galactic foreground, which is 4 - 6 orders of magnitude brighter than the 21 cm signal, when convolved with the inevitably chromatic beam, introduces additional spectral structures that can easily mimic the real 21 cm signal. In this paper, we investigate the signal extraction for a lunar-orbit experiment, where the antenna moves fast in orbit a…

Pump with broadband probe experiments for single-shot measurements of plasma conditions and crossed-beam energy transfer
A. Longman, R. Muir, D. Mittelberger, E. Grace, C. Goyon, G. Swadling, G. Kemp, T. Chapman, S. Maricle, N. Vanartsdalen, A. Linder, T. Dumbacher, K. Zoromski, B. Stuart, F. Albert, J. Heebner, P. Michel
https://arxiv.org…

Pump with broadband probe experiments for single-shot measurements of plasma conditions and crossed-beam energy transfer
A novel technique for measuring plasma conditions using monochromatic pump-broadband probe laser interactions has been experimentally demonstrated. Originally proposed in [J. Ludwig et al., Phys. Plasmas \textbf{26}, 113108 (2019)], this method utilizes crossed-beam energy transfer between the broadband probe and the pump, mediated by plasma ion acoustic waves. The complete energy transfer spectrum can be captured in a single shot, enabling the inference of plasma parameters such as density, el…

Effect Decomposition of Functional-Output Computer Experiments via Orthogonal Additive Gaussian Processes
Yu Tan, Yongxiang Li, Xiaowu Dai, Kwok-Leung Tsui
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12701

Effect Decomposition of Functional-Output Computer Experiments via Orthogonal Additive Gaussian Processes
Functional ANOVA (FANOVA) is a widely used variance-based sensitivity analysis tool. However, studies on functional-output FANOVA remain relatively scarce, especially for black-box computer experiments, which often involve complex and nonlinear functional-output relationships with unknown data distribution. Conventional approaches often rely on predefined basis functions or parametric structures that lack the flexibility to capture complex nonlinear relationships. Additionally, strong assumptio…

PC-Sampler: Position-Aware Calibration of Decoding Bias in Masked Diffusion Models
Pengcheng Huang, Shuhao Liu, Zhenghao Liu, Yukun Yan, Shuo Wang, Zulong Chen, Tong Xiao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13021

PC-Sampler: Position-Aware Calibration of Decoding Bias in Masked Diffusion Models
Recent advances in masked diffusion models (MDMs) have established them as powerful non-autoregressive alternatives for sequence generation. Nevertheless, our preliminary experiments reveal that the generation quality of MDMs is still highly sensitive to the choice of decoding strategy. In particular, widely adopted uncertainty-based samplers suffer from two key limitations: a lack of global trajectory control and a pronounced bias toward trivial tokens in the early stages of decoding. These sh…

Imbalance in Balance: Online Concept Balancing in Generation Models
Yukai Shi, Jiarong Ou, Rui Chen, Haotian Yang, Jiahao Wang, Xin Tao, Pengfei Wan, Di Zhang, Kun Gai
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13345

Imbalance in Balance: Online Concept Balancing in Generation Models
In visual generation tasks, the responses and combinations of complex concepts often lack stability and are error-prone, which remains an under-explored area. In this paper, we attempt to explore the causal factors for poor concept responses through elaborately designed experiments. We also design a concept-wise equalization loss function (IMBA loss) to address this issue. Our proposed method is online, eliminating the need for offline dataset processing, and requires minimal code changes. In o…

Solving SAT By Computing A Stable Set Of Points In Clusters
Eugene Goldberg
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13282 https://arxiv.org/pdf/25…

Solving SAT By Computing A Stable Set Of Points In Clusters
Earlier we introduced the notion of a stable set of points (SSP). We proved that a CNF formula is unsatisfiable iff there is a set of points (i.e. complete assignments) that is stable with respect to this formula. Experiments showed that SSPs for CNF formulas of practical interest are very large. So computing an SSP for a CNF formula point by point is, in general, infeasible. In this report, we show how an SSP can be computed in clusters, each cluster being a large set of points that are proces…

Further Evidence on a Controversial Topic about Human-Based Experiments: Professionals vs. Students
Simone Romano, Francesco Paolo Sferratore, Giuseppe Scanniello
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11597

Further Evidence on a Controversial Topic about Human-Based Experiments: Professionals vs. Students
Most Software Engineering (SE) human-based controlled experiments rely on students as participants, raising concerns about their external validity. Specifically, the realism of results obtained from students and their applicability to the software industry remains in question. In this short paper, we bring further evidence on this controversial point. To do so, we compare 62 students and 42 software professionals on a bug-fixing task on the same Java program. The students were enrolled in a Bac…

Quick Ways to Help Animals Used in Experiments #AnimalRights

In a July 11 arbitration hearing between Politico and the PEN Guild, Politico argued that some Politico AI experiments aren't subject to editorial standards (Andrew Deck/Nieman Lab)
https://www.niemanlab.org/2025/08/politico

Politico’s recent AI experiments shouldn’t be subject to newsroom editorial standards, its editors testify
In a July arbitration hearing, Politico faced allegations that two generative AI tools violated its union contract.

Exploring MLLMs Perception of Network Visualization Principles
Jacob Miller, Markus Wallinger, Ludwig Felder, Timo Brand, Henry F\"orster, Johannes Zink, Chunyang Chen, Stephen Kobourov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14611

Exploring MLLMs Perception of Network Visualization Principles
In this paper, we test whether Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) can match human-subject performance in tasks involving the perception of properties in network layouts. Specifically, we replicate a human-subject experiment about perceiving quality (namely stress) in network layouts using GPT-4o and Gemini-2.5. Our experiments show that giving MLLMs exactly the same study information as trained human participants results in a similar performance to human experts and exceeds the performanc…

ParaStudent: Generating and Evaluating Realistic Student Code by Teaching LLMs to Struggle
Mihran Miroyan, Rose Niousha, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Gireeja Ranade, Narges Norouzi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12674

ParaStudent: Generating and Evaluating Realistic Student Code by Teaching LLMs to Struggle
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on programming tasks, but can they generate student-like code like real students - imperfect, iterative, and stylistically diverse? We present ParaStudent, a systematic study of LLM-based "student-like" code generation in an introductory programming course setting. Using a dataset of timestamped student submissions across multiple semesters, we design low- and high-resolution experiments to model student progress and evaluate code outpu…

New Physics Opportunities at Neutrino Facilities: BSM Physics at Accelerator, Atmospheric, and Reactor Neutrino Experiments
Koun Choi, Doojin Kim, Jong-Chul Park, Seodong Shin, Pouya Bakhti, Ki-Young Choi, Chang Hyon Ha, Kazumi Hata, Wooyoung Jang, Yu Seon Jeong, Young Ju Ko, Hyun Su Lee, Weijun Li, Yu-Feng Li, Mehedi Masud, Kenny C. Y. Ng, Jungsic Park, Min-Gwa Park, Komninos-John Plows, Meshkat Rajaee, Eunil Won, Byeongsu Yang, Seong Moon Yoo, Jaehoon Yu, Seokhoon Yun

New Physics Opportunities at Neutrino Facilities: BSM Physics at Accelerator, Atmospheric, and Reactor Neutrino Experiments
Since the discovery of the Higgs boson, the long-standing task at hand in particle physics is the search for new physics beyond the Standard Model, which accounts for only about 5\% of the Universe. In light of this situation, the neutrino sector has drawn significant attention due to neutrino oscillations, which require physics beyond the Standard Model and have prompted a wide array of active and planned experimental programs. Notably, neutrino facilities offer substantial potential to se…

Controller Synthesis for Parametric Timed Games
Mikael Bisgaard Dahlsen-Jensen (Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark), Baptiste Fievet (Universit\'e Sorbonne Paris Nord CNRS, Villetaneuse, France), Laure Petrucci (Universit\'e Sorbonne Paris Nord CNRS, Villetaneuse, France), Jaco van de Pol (Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark)
https://

Controller Synthesis for Parametric Timed Games
We present a (semi)-algorithm to compute winning strategies for parametric timed games. Previous algorithms only synthesized constraints on the clock parameters for which the game is winning. A new definition of (winning) strategies is proposed, and ways to compute them. A transformation of these strategies to (parametric) timed automata allows for building a controller enforcing them. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated by an implementation and experiments for the Production Cell cas…

Perturbed Public Voices (P$^{2}$V): A Dataset for Robust Audio Deepfake Detection
Chongyang Gao, Marco Postiglione, Isabel Gortner, Sarit Kraus, V. S. Subrahmanian
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10949

Perturbed Public Voices (P$^{2}$V): A Dataset for Robust Audio Deepfake Detection
Current audio deepfake detectors cannot be trusted. While they excel on controlled benchmarks, they fail when tested in the real world. We introduce Perturbed Public Voices (P$^{2}$V), an IRB-approved dataset capturing three critical aspects of malicious deepfakes: (1) identity-consistent transcripts via LLMs, (2) environmental and adversarial noise, and (3) state-of-the-art voice cloning (2020-2025). Experiments reveal alarming vulnerabilities of 22 recent audio deepfake detectors: models trai…

Stability analysis of the flow in a coflowing device
M. Rubio, S. Rodr\'iguez-Aparicio, M. G. Cabezas, J. M. Montanero, M. A. Herrada
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14292

Stability analysis of the flow in a coflowing device
We analyze the stability of the coflow configuration. The experiments and the global stability analysis show that the emitted jet always destabilizes before the tapering conical meniscus. This implies that the parameter conditions at which polydisperse dripping arises cannot be determined from the linear stability analysis of the steady jetting mode. Transient simulations show that the linear superposition of decaying eigenmodes triggered by an initial perturbation can lead to the jet breakup. …

What new physics can we extract from inflation using the ACT DR6 and DESI DR2 Observations?
Sayantan Choudhury, Bauyrzhan Gulnur, Swapnil Kumar Singh, Koblandy Yerzanov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15407

What new physics can we extract from inflation using the ACT DR6 and DESI DR2 Observations?
We present a comprehensive analysis of inflationary models in light of projected sensitivities from forthcoming CMB and gravitational wave experiments, incorporating data from recent ACT DR6, DESI DR2, CMB-S4, LiteBIRD, and SPHEREx. Focusing on precise predictions in the $(n_s, α_s, β_s)$ parameter space, we evaluate a broad class of inflationary scenarios -- including canonical single-field models, non-minimally coupled theories, and string-inspired constructions such as Starobinsky, Higgs, …

Cyclically sheared colloidal gels: structural change and delayed failure time
Himangsu Bhaumik, James E. Hallett, Tanniemola B. Liverpool, Robert L. Jack, C. Patrick Royall
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14408

Cyclically sheared colloidal gels: structural change and delayed failure time
We present experiments and simulations on cyclically sheared colloidal gels, and probe their behaviour on several different length scales. The shearing induces structural changes in the experimental gel, changing particles' neighborhoods and reorganizing the mesoscopic pores. These results are mirrored in computer simulations of a model gel-former, which show how the material evolves down the energy landscape under shearing, for small strains. By systematic variation of simulation parameters, w…

Adaptive time-domain boundary element methods for the wave equation with Neumann boundary conditions
Alessandra Aimi, Giulia Di Credico, Heiko Gimperlein, Chiara Guardasoni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12332

Adaptive time-domain boundary element methods for the wave equation with Neumann boundary conditions
This article investigates adaptive mesh refinement procedures for the time-domain wave equation with Neumann boundary conditions, formulated as an equivalent hypersingular boundary integral equation. Space-adaptive and time-adaptive versions of a space-time boundary element method are presented, based on a reliable a posteriori error estimate of residual type. Numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the proposed approach.

Holistic Bioprocess Development Across Scales Using Multi-Fidelity Batch Bayesian Optimization
Adrian Martens, Mathias Neufang, Alessandro Butt\'e, Moritz von Stosch, Antonio del Rio Chanona, Laura Marie Helleckes
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10970

Holistic Bioprocess Development Across Scales Using Multi-Fidelity Batch Bayesian Optimization
Bioprocesses are central to modern biotechnology, enabling sustainable production in pharmaceuticals, specialty chemicals, cosmetics, and food. However, developing high-performing processes is costly and complex, requiring iterative, multi-scale experimentation from microtiter plates to pilot reactors. Conventional Design of Experiments (DoE) approaches often struggle to address process scale-up and the joint optimization of reaction conditions and biocatalyst selection. We propose a multi-fi…

OddEEC: A New Sketch Technique for Error Estimating Coding
Huayi Wang, Jingfan Meng, Jun Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11842 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.118…

OddEEC: A New Sketch Technique for Error Estimating Coding
Error estimating coding (EEC) is a standard technique for estimating the number of bit errors during packet transmission over wireless networks. In this paper, we propose OddEEC, a novel EEC scheme. OddEEC is a nontrivial adaptation of a data sketching technique named Odd Sketch to EEC, addressing new challenges therein by its bit sampling technique and maximum likelihood estimator. Our experiments show that OddEEC overall achieves comparable estimation accuracy as competing schemes such as gEE…

A Kinematic Constraint on Pedestrian Walking: Power-law Scaling between Critical Angular Velocity and Speed
Jinghui Wang, Wei Lv, Chao Li, Yufei Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15321

A Kinematic Constraint on Pedestrian Walking: Power-law Scaling between Critical Angular Velocity and Speed
This paper presents a statistical analysis of speed and angular velocity obtained from pedestrian experiments across nine distinct datasets. Experimental scenarios included crossing motion, unidirectional/bidirectional flows, bidirectional/four-directional crossing flows, pedestrian-vehicle interactions, unidirectional flow in a circular corridor, and circle antipode configurations. We applied filtering methods to reduce noise and analyzed the data at different sampling frequencies. The results…

Room-Temperature Disorder-Driven Nonlinear Transport in Topological Materials
Rhonald Burgos Atencia, Shanshan Liu, Kian Ping Loh, Dimitrie Culcer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13869

Room-Temperature Disorder-Driven Nonlinear Transport in Topological Materials
Recent experiments have reported nonlinear signals in topological materials up to room temperature. Here we show that this response stems from extrinsic spin-orbit contributions to \textit{both} impurity and phonon scattering. While skew scattering dominates at low temperatures, the side jump contribution $\propto τ/τ_β$, where $τ$, $τ_β$ are the momentum and skew scattering times respectively. Consequently side jump exhibits a weak temperature dependence and remains sizable at room tempe…

Origin of circular and triangular pores in electron-irradiated hexagonal boron nitride
Umair Javed, Manuel Langle, Vladimir Zobac, Alexander Markevich, Clara Kofler, Martin Paul, Clemens Mangler, Toma Susi, Jani Kotakoski
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13180

Origin of circular and triangular pores in electron-irradiated hexagonal boron nitride
For nearly two decades, it has been known that electron irradiation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) in a transmission electron microscope leads to the formation of triangular pores. This has been attributed to the lower displacement threshold energy of boron, with or without the assistance of an inelastic scattering event, typically assuming that chemical etching caused by residual gases can be neglected. In this study, in contrast to previous high-vacuum experiments, we show that electron irr…

Cross talk between experimental data and simple validation of shell closure in pre-actinides
Punit Dubey, Mahima Upadhyay, Mahesh Choudhary, Namrata Singh, Sriya Paul, Shweta Singh, N. Saneesh, Mohit Kumar, Rishabh Prajapati, K. S. Golda, Akhil Jhingan, P. Sugathan, Jhilam Sadhukhan, Raghav Aggarwal, Kiran, Ajay Kumar
https://arxiv.org/ab…

Cross talk between experimental data and simple validation of shell closure in pre-actinides
Two back-to-back experiments, 28Si + 178Hf and 28Si + 186W, were intentionally conducted to validate the role of shell closure in pre-actinides by studying neutron multiplicity in compound nucleus (CN) 206Rn and 214Ra. In the first experiment, Dubey et al. [Phys. Rev. C 112, L011602 (2025)], we established the influence of the neutron shell closure. In the present work, the CN 214Ra was deliberately selected to investigate the dependence of the total neutron multiplicity (Mtotal) on the proton …

Unconventional Spin Dynamics and Supersolid Excitations in the Triangular-Lattice XXZ Model
Rafael Flores-Calder\'on, Roderich Moessner, Frank Pollmann
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15516

Unconventional Spin Dynamics and Supersolid Excitations in the Triangular-Lattice XXZ Model
Motivated by recent experiments, we investigate the spin-1/2 XXZ model on the triangular lattice with strong Ising anisotropy, combining large-scale numerical simulations and analytical methods to uncover unconventional spin dynamics. First, we compute the dynamical spin structure factor using density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations and find excellent agreement with inelastic neutron scattering data on the layered compound $\text{K}_2\text{Co}(\text{SeO}_3)_2$. The low-energy sp…

Controlling the recovery time of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with a voltage-controlled cryogenic tunable resistor
Hui Wang, Nikita Dmitrievic Orlov, Thomas Descamps, J. W. Niels Los, Val Zwiller, Iman Esmaeil Zadeh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11832

Controlling the recovery time of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with a voltage-controlled cryogenic tunable resistor
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD), owing to their unique performance, are currently the standard detector in most demanding single-photon experiments. One important metric for any single-photon detector is the deadtime (or recovery time), defined as the minimum temporal separation between consecutive detection events. In SNSPDs, the recovery time is more subtle, as the detection efficiency does not abruptly drop to zero when the temporal separation between detection event…

"“Day science is the executive part. You have the idea and to test it, you do controlled experiments,” says Yanai. “Night science is the world of creativity, the world of ideas"
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01913-3

WaFusion: A Wavelet-Enhanced Diffusion Framework for Face Morph Generation
Seyed Rasoul Hosseini, Omid Ahmadieh, Jeremy Dawson, Nasser Nasrabadi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12493

WaFusion: A Wavelet-Enhanced Diffusion Framework for Face Morph Generation
Biometric face morphing poses a critical challenge to identity verification systems, undermining their security and robustness. To address this issue, we propose WaFusion, a novel framework combining wavelet decomposition and diffusion models to generate high-quality, realistic morphed face images efficiently. WaFusion leverages the structural details captured by wavelet transforms and the generative capabilities of diffusion models, producing face morphs with minimal artifacts. Experiments con…

Remove360: Benchmarking Residuals After Object Removal in 3D Gaussian Splatting
Simona Kocour, Assia Benbihi, Torsten Sattler
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11431 https://

Remove360: Benchmarking Residuals After Object Removal in 3D Gaussian Splatting
Understanding what semantic information persists after object removal is critical for privacy-preserving 3D reconstruction and editable scene representations. In this work, we introduce a novel benchmark and evaluation framework to measure semantic residuals, the unintended semantic traces left behind, after object removal in 3D Gaussian Splatting. We conduct experiments across a diverse set of indoor and outdoor scenes, showing that current methods can preserve semantic information despite the…

Trap-to-trap free falls with an optically levitated nanoparticle
M. Luisa Mattana, Nicola Carlon Zambon, Massimiliano Rossi, Eric Bonvin, Louisiane Devaud, Martin Frimmer, Lukas Novotny
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12995

Trap-to-trap free falls with an optically levitated nanoparticle
We perform free-fall experiments with a charge-neutral, optically levitated nanoparticle. This is achieved using an optical tweezer that can be rapidly toggled on and off and vertically displaced, enabling the particle to be released and recaptured after each free fall. The particle is insensitive to electric fields due to its charge neutrality and, during free evolution, is not subject to photon recoil heating. We achieve free-fall durations of up to 0.25 ms and observe a nearly two hundred-fo…

Vermont and Nebraska: Diverging Experiments in State Age-Appropriate Design Codes
https://fpf.org/blog/vermont-and-nebraska-diverging-experiments-in-state-age-appropriate-design-codes/
@…

Minding the Politeness Gap in Cross-cultural Communication
Yuka Machino, Matthias Hofer, Max Siegel, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Robert D. Hawkins
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15623

Minding the Politeness Gap in Cross-cultural Communication
Misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication often arise from subtle differences in interpretation, but it is unclear whether these differences arise from the literal meanings assigned to words or from more general pragmatic factors such as norms around politeness and brevity. In this paper, we report three experiments examining how speakers of British and American English interpret intensifiers like "quite" and "very." To better understand these cross-cultural differences, we developed a …

The use of cross validation in the analysis of designed experiments
Maria L. Weese, Byran J. Smucker, David J. Edwards
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14593 htt…

The use of cross validation in the analysis of designed experiments
Cross-validation (CV) is a common method to tune machine learning methods and can be used for model selection in regression as well. Because of the structured nature of small, traditional experimental designs, the literature has warned against using CV in their analysis. The striking increase in the use of machine learning, and thus CV, in the analysis of experimental designs, has led us to empirically study the effectiveness of CV compared to other methods of selecting models in designed exper…

Tuning spin-density separation via finite-range interactions: Dimensionality-driven signatures in dynamic structure factors
Xiaoran Ye, Yi Zhang, Ziheng Zhou, Zhaoxin Liang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15092

Tuning spin-density separation via finite-range interactions: Dimensionality-driven signatures in dynamic structure factors
Spin-density separation, marked by distinct propagation velocities of spin and density excitations, epitomizes strong correlations, historically confined to one-dimensional (1D) systems. Recent ultracold quantum gas experiments, however, demonstrate its emergence in higher dimensions through precise tuning of intra- to interspecies interaction ratios, inspiring exploration of how dimensionality and interatomic interactions govern quantum correlations. We investigate this in two-component bosoni…

Supercurrent modulation in InSb nanoflag-based Josephson junctions by scanning gate microscopy
Antonio Lombardi, Gaurav Shukla, Giada Bucci, Sedighe Salimian, Valentina Zannier, Simone Traverso, Samuele Fracassi, Niccolo Traverso Ziani, Maura Sassetti, Matteo Carrega, Fabio Beltram, Lucia Sorba, Stefan Heun
https://arxiv.org/abs…

Supercurrent modulation in InSb nanoflag-based Josephson junctions by scanning gate microscopy
InSb nanoflags represent an interesting platform for quantum transport and have recently been exploited in the study of hybrid planar Josephson junctions. Due to the uncovered semiconductor surface, they are also good candidates for surface probe techniques. Here, we report the first Scanning Gate Microscopy (SGM) experiments on Nb-contacted InSb nanoflag-based Josephson junctions. In the normal state, sizable conductance modulation via the charged tip of the SGM is recorded. In the superconduc…

Natural Ultralight Dark Matter: The Quadratic Twin
C\'edric Delaunay, Michael Geller, Zamir Heller-Algazi, Gilad Perez, Konstantin Springmann
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12514 …

Natural Ultralight Dark Matter: The Quadratic Twin
Scalar ultralight dark matter (ULDM) is uniquely accessible to tabletop experiments such as clocks and interferometers, and its search has been the focus of a vast experimental effort. However, the scalar ULDM mass is not protected from radiative corrections, and the entirety of the parameter space within reach of experiments suffers from a severe naturalness problem. In this paper, we propose a new twin mechanism that protects the mass of the scalar ULDM. Our scalar ULDM is a pseudo-Nambu-Gold…

interactome_stelzl: Stelzl human interactome (2005)
A network of human proteins and their binding interactions. Nodes represent proteins and an edge represents an interaction between two proteins, as inferred via high-throughput Y2H experiments using bait and prey methodology.
This network has 1706 nodes and 6207 edges.
Tags: Biological, Protein interactions, Unweighted

ros2 fanuc interface: Design and Evaluation of a Fanuc CRX Hardware Interface in ROS2
Paolo Franceschi, Marco Faroni, Stefano Baraldo, Anna Valente
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14487

ros2 fanuc interface: Design and Evaluation of a Fanuc CRX Hardware Interface in ROS2
This paper introduces the ROS2 control and the Hardware Interface (HW) integration for the Fanuc CRX- robot family. It explains basic implementation details and communication protocols, and its integration with the Moveit2 motion planning library. We conducted a series of experiments to evaluate relevant performances in the robotics field. We tested the developed ros2_fanuc_interface for four relevant robotics cases: step response, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance integrated with Moveit…

Impact of Gravity Waves From Tropospheric and Non-tropospheric Sources on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere and Comparison with ICON/MIGHTI Winds
Erdal Yi\u{g}it, Alexander S. Medvedev, Ayden L. S. Gann, Gary P. Klaassen, Douglas E. Rowland
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14918

Impact of Gravity Waves From Tropospheric and Non-tropospheric Sources on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere and Comparison with ICON/MIGHTI Winds
We study the dynamical and thermal roles of internal gravity waves generated in the troposphere and above using the Coupled Middle Atmosphere Thermosphere-2 General Circulation Model. This model incorporates the whole atmosphere nonlinear gravity wave parameterization and its extension to include non-tropospheric sources. We conducted model experiments for northern summer solstice conditions, first including only tropospheric sources, then including sources localized at 50 and 90 km, and unifor…

Exploiting Jailbreaking Vulnerabilities in Generative AI to Bypass Ethical Safeguards for Facilitating Phishing Attacks
Rina Mishra, Gaurav Varshney
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12185

Exploiting Jailbreaking Vulnerabilities in Generative AI to Bypass Ethical Safeguards for Facilitating Phishing Attacks
The advent of advanced Generative AI (GenAI) models such as DeepSeek and ChatGPT has significantly reshaped the cybersecurity landscape, introducing both promising opportunities and critical risks. This study investigates how GenAI powered chatbot services can be exploited via jailbreaking techniques to bypass ethical safeguards, enabling the generation of phishing content, recommendation of hacking tools, and orchestration of phishing campaigns. In ethically controlled experiments, we used Cha…

A Hybrid Heuristic Framework for Resource-Efficient Querying of Scientific Experiments Data
Mayank Patel, Minal Bhise
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10422 http…

A Hybrid Heuristic Framework for Resource-Efficient Querying of Scientific Experiments Data
Scientific experiments and modern applications are generating large amounts of data every day. Most organizations utilize In-house servers or Cloud resources to manage application data and workload. The traditional database management system (DBMS) and HTAP systems spend significant time & resources to load the entire dataset into DBMS before starting query execution. On the other hand, in-situ engines may reparse required data multiple times, increasing resource utilization and data processing…

🇺🇦 #NowPlaying on KEXP's #DriveTime
Wilby:
🎵 Experiments
#Wilby
https://wilbyyymusic.bandcamp.com/track/experiments-2
https://open.spotify.com/track/4txD0JmEqTQvWT8qVWn2u2

Morning Jam Synth Experiments
#music #guitar #synth For most my morning jams I gravitate toward either Rhodes e-piano patches or some kind of B3-style organ. In this series I will experiment w…

Factorized RVQ-GAN For Disentangled Speech Tokenization
Sameer Khurana, Dominik Klement, Antoine Laurent, Dominik Bobos, Juraj Novosad, Peter Gazdik, Ellen Zhang, Zili Huang, Amir Hussein, Ricard Marxer, Yoshiki Masuyama, Ryo Aihara, Chiori Hori, Francois G. Germain, Gordon Wichern, Jonathan Le Roux
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15…

Factorized RVQ-GAN For Disentangled Speech Tokenization
We propose Hierarchical Audio Codec (HAC), a unified neural speech codec that factorizes its bottleneck into three linguistic levels-acoustic, phonetic, and lexical-within a single model. HAC leverages two knowledge distillation objectives: one from a pre-trained speech encoder (HuBERT) for phoneme-level structure, and another from a text-based encoder (LaBSE) for lexical cues. Experiments on English and multilingual data show that HAC's factorized bottleneck yields disentangled token sets: one…

Synthesizing Evidence: Data-Pooling as a Tool for Treatment Selection in Online Experiments
Zhenkang Peng (Philip), Chengzhang Li (Philip), Ying Rong (Philip), Renyu (Philip), Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10331

Synthesizing Evidence: Data-Pooling as a Tool for Treatment Selection in Online Experiments
Randomized experiments are the gold standard for causal inference but face significant challenges in business applications, including limited traffic allocation, the need for heterogeneous treatment effect estimation, and the complexity of managing overlapping experiments. These factors lead to high variability in treatment effect estimates, making data-driven policy roll out difficult. To address these issues, we introduce the data pooling treatment roll-out (DTR) framework, which enhances pol…

A Practical Guide to using Pauli Path Simulators for Utility-Scale Quantum Experiments
Hrant Gharibyan, Siddharth Hariprakash, Mohammed Zuhair Mullath, Vincent P. Su
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10771

A Practical Guide to using Pauli Path Simulators for Utility-Scale Quantum Experiments
In this this paper we present an inexpensive protocol to perform runtime and memory estimation for large-scale experiments with Pauli Path simulators (PPS). Additionally, we propose a conceptually simple solution for studying whether PPS can be used as a scientific discovery tool, rather than reproducing existing answers. We start by analyzing the dynamics of the Pauli coefficients tracked in the Heisenberg picture. In addition to surprisingly generic convergence features of the Pauli coefficie…

A Data-Integrated Framework for Learning Fractional-Order Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
Bahram Yaghooti, Chengyu Li, Bruno Sinopoli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15665

A Data-Integrated Framework for Learning Fractional-Order Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
This paper presents a data-integrated framework for learning the dynamics of fractional-order nonlinear systems in both discrete-time and continuous-time settings. The proposed framework consists of two main steps. In the first step, input-output experiments are designed to generate the necessary datasets for learning the system dynamics, including the fractional order, the drift vector field, and the control vector field. In the second step, these datasets, along with the memory-dependent prop…

When Does Meaning Backfire? Investigating the Role of AMRs in NLI
Junghyun Min, Xiulin Yang, Shira Wein
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14613 https://

When Does Meaning Backfire? Investigating the Role of AMRs in NLI
Natural Language Inference (NLI) relies heavily on adequately parsing the semantic content of the premise and hypothesis. In this work, we investigate whether adding semantic information in the form of an Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) helps pretrained language models better generalize in NLI. Our experiments integrating AMR into NLI in both fine-tuning and prompting settings show that the presence of AMR in fine-tuning hinders model generalization while prompting with AMR leads to sligh…

The power of SKA to Constrain cosmological gravitational-wave backgrounds below the astrophysical foreground noise
Chengjie Fu, Jing Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14366

The power of SKA to Constrain cosmological gravitational-wave backgrounds below the astrophysical foreground noise
The inspirals of supermaissive black hole binaries provide a convinced gravitational wave background in the nHz band, serving as the fiducial model of the recent gravitational wave signal reported by the PTA experiments. The uncertainties of the number of binaries contributing to each frequency bin introduce a foreground noise in the nHz and $μ$Hz bands against the observation of the underlying gravitational wave backgrounds of the cosmological origin. In this work, we investigate a new method…

Banding and polarization in driven multistable materials
Sheng Huang, Daniel Hexner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12895 https://arxiv.or…

Banding and polarization in driven multistable materials
We study a disordered network of bistable bonds subjected to periodic strain. The model is inspired by experiments on crumpled sheets and it features behaviors associated with glasses, including a complex energy landscape, memories, and large avalanches. At small strain amplitudes, the system quickly converges to a limit cycle where the system repeatedly cycles between a set of states. At large amplitudes, motion is erratic and does not converge to a limit cycle. The transition appears to be co…

Impact of Spinning Droplets onto Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Asymmetric Tumbling Rapid Rebound
Jinyang Wang, Feifei Jia, Xiaoyun Peng, Peng Zhang, Kai Sun, Tianyou Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13150

Impact of Spinning Droplets onto Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Asymmetric Tumbling Rapid Rebound
The impact dynamics of spinning droplets onto superhydrophobic surfaces was studied by using Volume-of-Fluid simulations, covering broad ranges of Weber number ($We$) and dimensionless angular velocity ($\mathitΩ$). The omputational results were validated by high-speed imaging experiments, with particular focus on the types of rebound, asymmetric deformation, and droplet-wall contact time. Results show that, the spinning motion of droplets leads to two novel rebound scenarios. Specificially, t…

Exploring Large Language Model Agents for Piloting Social Experiments
Jinghua Piao, Yuwei Yan, Nian Li, Jun Zhang, Yong Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08678 https://

Exploring Large Language Model Agents for Piloting Social Experiments
Computational social experiments, which typically employ agent-based modeling to create testbeds for piloting social experiments, not only provide a computational solution to the major challenges faced by traditional experimental methods, but have also gained widespread attention in various research fields. Despite their significance, their broader impact is largely limited by the underdeveloped intelligence of their core component, i.e., agents. To address this limitation, we develop a framewo…

The Making of a Community Dark Matter Dataset with the National Science Data Fabric
Amy Roberts, Jack Marquez, Kin Hong NG, Kitty Mickelson, Aashish Panta, Giorgio Scorzelli, Amy Gooch, Prisca Cushman, Matthew Fritts, Himangshu Neog, Valerio Pascucci, Michela Taufer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13297…

The Making of a Community Dark Matter Dataset with the National Science Data Fabric
Dark matter is believed to constitute approximately 85 percent of the universes matter, yet its fundamental nature remains elusive. Direct detection experiments, though globally deployed, generate data that is often locked within custom formats and non-reproducible software stacks, limiting interdisciplinary analysis and innovation. This paper presents a collaboration between the National Science Data Fabric (NSDF) and dark matter researchers to improve accessibility, usability, and scientific …

Pedestrian Dead Reckoning using Invariant Extended Kalman Filter
Jingran Zhang, Zhengzhang Yan, Yiming Chen, Zeqiang He, Jiahao Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11396 https://

Pedestrian Dead Reckoning using Invariant Extended Kalman Filter
This paper presents a cost-effective inertial pedestrian dead reckoning method for the bipedal robot in the GPS-denied environment. Each time when the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is on the stance foot, a stationary pseudo-measurement can be executed to provide innovation to the IMU measurement based prediction. The matrix Lie group based theoretical development of the adopted invariant extended Kalman filter (InEKF) is set forth for tutorial purpose. Three experiments are conducted to compa…

Resolving Andreev spin qubits in germanium-based Josephson junctions
Silas Hoffman, Charles Tahan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13988 https://

Resolving Andreev spin qubits in germanium-based Josephson junctions
Andreev spin qubits (ASQs) are a promising platform for quantum information processing which benefit from both the small footprint of semiconducting spin qubits and the long range connectivity of superconducting qubits. While state-of-the-art experiments have developed ASQs in InAs nanowires, these realizations are coherence-time limited by nuclear magnetic noise which cannot be removed by isotopic purification. In Ge-based Josephson junctions, which can be isotopically purified, Andreev states…

On Experiments
Brendan van Rooyen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08288 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.08288

On Experiments
The scientific process is a means for turning the results of experiments into knowledge about the world in which we live. Much research effort has been directed toward automating this process. To do this, one needs to formulate the scientific process in a precise mathematical language. This paper outlines one such language. What is presented here is hardly new. The material leans much on great thinkers of times past as well as more modern contributions. The novel contributions of this paper are…

A 3D segmented Water-based Liquid Scintillator for high-precision detection of neutrinos in water
Botao Li, Daria Borodulina, Davide Sgalaberna, Tim Weber, Minfang Yeh, Umut Kose, Matthew Franks, Andr\'e Rubbia, Johannes W\"uthrich, Claudio Giganti, Tatsuya Kikawa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11355

A 3D segmented Water-based Liquid Scintillator for high-precision detection of neutrinos in water
Precision detection of neutrino-nucleus interactions in water with the complete detection of the final state, including leptons and hadrons, is challenging due to water being a non-scintillating medium. This can be a limitation for the next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, such as Hyper-Kamiokande, where the neutrino-nucleus interaction models must reach a few percent-level accuracy. Water-based liquid scintillator can be a game changer for the future near detectors. I…

Compensating connectivity restrictions in quantum annealers via splitting and linearization techniques
Marcel Seelbach Benkner, Zorah L\"ahner, Vladislav Golyanik, Martin Kliesch, Michael Moeller
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12536

Compensating connectivity restrictions in quantum annealers via splitting and linearization techniques
Current quantum annealing experiments often suffer from restrictions in connectivity in the sense that only certain qubits can be coupled to each other. The most common strategy to overcome connectivity restrictions so far is by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit with higher connectivity, which is achieved by adding terms to the Hamiltonian. Practically, this strategy is implemented by finding a so-called minor embedding, which is in itself an NP-hard problem. In this work,…

$\mathrm{^{117m}Sn}$ and $\mathrm{^{119m}Te}$ Production via Proton Bombardment on Natural Antimony and Implications for Modeling Charged Particle Reactions
Catherine E. Apgar, Andrew S. Voyles, Jon C. Batchelder, Cathy S. Cutler, Morgan B. Fox, Yun-Hsuan Lee, Dmitri G. Medvedev, Jonathan T. Morrell, Ellen M. O'Brien, Michael Skulski, C. Etienne Vermeulen, Lee A. Bernstein

$\mathrm{^{117m}Sn}$ and $\mathrm{^{119m}Te}$ Production via Proton Bombardment on Natural Antimony and Implications for Modeling Charged Particle Reactions
$\mathrm{^{117m}Sn}$ and $\mathrm{^{119}Sb}$, the latter of which is produced via a $\mathrm{^{119m}Te}$ generator, are promising radionuclides for the targeted treatment of both osteoarthritis and small mass tumors via Auger therapy. Experiments were conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Brookhaven National Laboratory to measure the $\mathrm{^{nat}Sb}$(p,x)$\mathrm{^{117m}Sn}$ and $\mathrm{^{nat}Sb}$(p,x)$\mathrm{^{119m}Te}$ cross sections for …

Sample efficient likelihood-free inference for virus dynamics with different types of experiments
Yingying Xu, Ulpu Remes, Enrico Rinaldi, Henri Pesonen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11042

Sample efficient likelihood-free inference for virus dynamics with different types of experiments
This study applied Bayesian optimization likelihood-free inference(BOLFI) to virus dynamics experimental data and efficiently inferred the model parameters with uncertainty measure. The computational benefit is remarkable compared to existing methodology on the same problem. No likelihood knowledge is needed in the inference. Improvement of the BOLFI algorithm with Gaussian process based classifier for treatment of extreme values are provided. Discrepancy design for combining different forms of…

Time-domain decoding of unconventional charge order mechanisms in nonmagnetic and magnetic kagome metals
Seongyong Lee, Byungjune Lee, Hoyoung Jang, Xueliang Wu, Jimin Kim, Gyeongbo Kang, Choongjae Won, Hyeongi Choi, Sang-Youn Park, Kyle M. Shen, Federico Cilento, Aifeng Wang, Jae-Hoon Park, Mingu Kang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506…

Time-domain decoding of unconventional charge order mechanisms in nonmagnetic and magnetic kagome metals
In kagome lattice materials, quantum interplay between charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom gives rise to a remarkably rich set of emergent phenomena, ranging from unconventional charge order and superconductivity to topological magnetism. While the exact nature of these exotic orders is often challenging to comprehend in static experiments, time-resolved techniques can offer critical insights by disentangling coupled degrees of freedom on the time-axis. In this work, we demons…

Revisiting Chain-of-Thought Prompting: Zero-shot Can Be Stronger than Few-shot
Xiang Cheng, Chengyan Pan, Minjun Zhao, Deyang Li, Fangchao Liu, Xinyu Zhang, Xiao Zhang, Yong Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14641

Revisiting Chain-of-Thought Prompting: Zero-shot Can Be Stronger than Few-shot
In-Context Learning (ICL) is an essential emergent ability of Large Language Models (LLMs), and recent studies introduce Chain-of-Thought (CoT) to exemplars of ICL to enhance the reasoning capability, especially in mathematics tasks. However, given the continuous advancement of model capabilities, it remains unclear whether CoT exemplars still benefit recent, stronger models in such tasks. Through systematic experiments, we find that for recent strong models such as the Qwen2.5 series, adding t…

Quantum simulation of fermionic non-Abelian lattice gauge theories in $(2 1)$D with built-in gauge protection
Gaia De Paciani, Lukas Homeier, Jad C. Halimeh, Monika Aidelsburger, Fabian Grusdt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14747

Quantum simulation of fermionic non-Abelian lattice gauge theories in $(2+1)$D with built-in gauge protection
Recent advancements in the field of quantum simulation have significantly expanded the potential for applications, particularly in the context of lattice gauge theories (LGTs). Maintaining gauge invariance throughout a simulation remains a central challenge, especially for large-scale non-Abelian LGTs with dynamical matter, which are particularly complex in terms of engineering for experiments. Gauge-symmetry breaking is inevitable in established rishon-based schemes for alkaline-earth-like ato…

Notes from the Physics Teaching Lab: NMR Experiments at 21 Gauss
Kenneth G. Libbrecht
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10738 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.10738

Notes from the Physics Teaching Lab: NMR Experiments at 21 Gauss
We describe a series of laboratory experiments that can be performed with the Quantum Control apparatus sold by TeachSpin, which uses pulsed NMR techniques to observe the precession of protons in a liquid water sample. With a uniform background magnetic field of 21 Gauss, the protons precess at about 90 kHz, yielding numerous relatively simple observations and measurements that are well suited to undergraduate physics teaching labs. Our goal in this paper is to document some of these experiment…

Fractional-order controller tuning via minimization of integral of time-weighted absolute error without multiple closed-loop tests
Ansei Yonezawa, Heisei Yonezawa, Shuichi Yahagi, Itsuro Kajiwara, Shinya Kijimoto
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12987

Fractional-order controller tuning via minimization of integral of time-weighted absolute error without multiple closed-loop tests
This study presents a non-iterative tuning technique for a linear fractional-order (FO) controller, based on the integral of the time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) criterion. Minimizing the ITAE is a traditional approach for tuning FO controllers. This technique reduces the over/undershoot and suppresses the steady-state error. In contrast to conventional approaches of ITAE-based controller tuning, the proposed approach does not require multiple closed-loop experiments or model-based simulatio…

Can you see how I learn? Human observers' inferences about Reinforcement Learning agents' learning processes
Bernhard Hilpert, Muhan Hou, Kim Baraka, Joost Broekens
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13583

Can you see how I learn? Human observers' inferences about Reinforcement Learning agents' learning processes
Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often exhibit learning behaviors that are not intuitively interpretable by human observers, which can result in suboptimal feedback in collaborative teaching settings. Yet, how humans perceive and interpret RL agent's learning behavior is largely unknown. In a bottom-up approach with two experiments, this work provides a data-driven understanding of the factors of human observers' understanding of the agent's learning process. A novel, observation-based paradi…

AutoSAS: a new human-aside-the-loop paradigm for automated SAS fitting for high throughput and autonomous experimentation
Duncan R. Sutherland, Rachel Ford, Yun Liu, Tyler B. Martin, Peter A. Beaucage
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13918

AutoSAS: a new human-aside-the-loop paradigm for automated SAS fitting for high throughput and autonomous experimentation
The advancement of artificial-intelligence driven autonomous experiments demands physics-based modeling and decision-making processes, not only to improve the accuracy of the experimental trajectory but also to increase trust by allowing transparent human-machine collaboration. High-quality structural characterization techniques (e.g., X-ray, neutron, or static light scattering) are a particularly relevant example of this need: they provide invaluable information but are challenging to analyze …

Gravity-mediated entanglement via infinite-dimensional systems
Stefan L. Ludescher, Leon D. Loveridge, Thomas D. Galley, Markus P. M\"uller
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13201

Gravity-mediated entanglement via infinite-dimensional systems
There has been a wave of recent interest in detecting the quantum nature of gravity with table-top experiments that witness gravitationally mediated entanglement. Central to these proposals is the assumption that any mediator capable of generating entanglement must itself be nonclassical. However, previous arguments for this have modelled classical mediators as finite, discrete systems such as bits, which excludes physically relevant continuous and infinite-dimensional systems such as those of …

Deep-Inelastic Scattering at TeV Energies with LHC Muons
Reinaldo Francener, Victor P. Goncalves, Felix Kling, Peter Krack, Juan Rojo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13889

Deep-Inelastic Scattering at TeV Energies with LHC Muons
The LHC far-forward experiments FASER and SND@LHC have pioneered the detection of TeV-energy neutrinos produced in hard-scattering proton-proton collisions at the LHC. In addition to neutrinos, an intense flux of TeV-energy muons reaches these detectors, representing a dominant background for both neutrino studies and beyond the Standard Model searches. Here we demonstrate that this forward muon flux enables a comprehensive neutral-current deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) program at FASER with a…

Leaf-inspired rain-energy harvesting device
Jisoo Yuk, Alicia Leem, Kate Thomas, Sunghwan Jung
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11474 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.…

Leaf-inspired rain-energy harvesting device
We study a rain-powered energy-harvesting device inspired by the natural impact of raindrops on leaves. In nature, a raindrop striking a leaf at high speed causes it to deform and vibrate. Inspired by this, our device uses an elastic beam coupled with a piezoelectric material to convert mechanical vibrations from droplet impacts into electrical energy. We conduct experiments to analyze how beam length, droplet impact location, and residual droplet mass affect energy conversion. Our results, sup…

Canadian Contributions to the Search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
Thomas Brunner, Jason D. Holt, David McKeen, Alexander Wright
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14712

Canadian Contributions to the Search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
The search for neutrinoless double beta decay has internationally been recognized as the most promising approach to determine the Majorana nature of neutrinos. This hypothesized decay would, if observed, violate lepton number in weak interactions by two units, hence, prove the existence of physics beyond the Standard Model. Current experiments with sensitivity to neutrinoless double beta decay half lives of $10^{26}$ years did not observe such a decay and worldwide efforts are ongoing to deploy…

Relativistic implications of entropy and purity
Joseph Balsells, Martin Bojowald
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14705 https://arxiv.org/p…

Relativistic implications of entropy and purity
A quantum object is extended by virtue of quantum uncertainty. Subjected to gravity, it therefore experiences tidal forces and other relativistic effects. As a result, entropy and purity affect geodesic motion and acquire weight, an observation that has broad implications from free-fall experiments to Hawking radiation. If the object's position is quantum correlated in at least two directions, a complete description of its geodesic motion requires non-Riemannian geometry of a form controlled by…

Robotic System for Chemical Experiment Automation with Dual Demonstration of End-effector and Jig Operations
Hikaru Sasaki, Naoto Komeno, Takumi Hachimine, Kei Takahashi, Yu-ya Ohnishi, Tetsunori Sugawara, Araki Wakiuchi, Miho Hatanaka, Tomoyuki Miyao, Hiroharu Ajiro, Mikiya Fujii, Takamitsu Matsubara
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.…

Robotic System for Chemical Experiment Automation with Dual Demonstration of End-effector and Jig Operations
While robotic automation has demonstrated remarkable performance, such as executing hundreds of experiments continuously over several days, it is challenging to design a program that synchronizes the robot's movements with the experimental jigs to conduct an experiment. We propose a concept that enables the automation of experiments by utilizing dual demonstrations of robot motions and jig operations by chemists in an experimental environment constructed to be controlled by a robot. To verify t…

Machine learning many-body potentials for charged colloids in primitive 1:1 electrolytes
Thijs ter Rele, Gerardo Campos-Villalobos, Ren\'e van Roij, Marjolein Dijkstra
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12934

Machine learning many-body potentials for charged colloids in primitive 1:1 electrolytes
Effective interactions between charged particles dispersed in an electrolyte are most commonly modeled using the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) potential, where the ions in the suspension are coarse-grained out at mean-field level. However, several experiments point to shortcomings of this theory, as the distribution of ions surrounding colloids is governed by nontrivial correlations in regimes of strong Coulomb coupling (e.g. low temperature, low dielectric constant, high ion valency,…

J/$\psi$ and $\Upsilon$(1S) production in jets at LHC energies
Lizardo Valencia Palomo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15205 https://arxiv…

J/$ψ$ and $Υ$(1S) production in jets at LHC energies
Quarkonia production in hadronic collisions is far from being understood as none of the existing models can correctly describe the wealth of available data. In particular, LHCb and CMS experiments have reported that PYTHIA 8 cannot reproduce the prompt J/$ψ$ production in jets in proton-proton collisions at two different center of mass energies: the event generator predicts an important amount of the prompt J/$ψ$ to be produced isolated, opposite to the experimental data. This document demons…

Efficient and Robust Block Designs for Order-of-Addition Experiments
Chang-Yun Lin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07096 https://arxiv.org…

Efficient and Robust Block Designs for Order-of-Addition Experiments
Designs for Order-of-Addition (OofA) experiments have received growing attention due to their impact on responses based on the sequence of component addition. In certain cases, these experiments involve heterogeneous groups of units, which necessitates the use of blocking to manage variation effects. Despite this, the exploration of block OofA designs remains limited in the literature. As experiments become increasingly complex, addressing this gap is essential to ensure that the designs accura…

Leveraging Quantum Layers in Classical Neural Networks
Silvie Ill\'esov\'a
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12505 https://arxiv.org…

Leveraging Quantum Layers in Classical Neural Networks
Hybrid quantum-classical neural networks represent a promising frontier in the search for improved machine learning models. This thesis explores the integration of quantum layers within classical convolutional neural network architectures, aiming to leverage quantum entanglement and feature mapping to enhance learning capabilities. A detailed methodology for constructing and training such hybrid models is presented, using PyTorch and Qiskit Machine Learning frameworks. Experiments investigate t…

Reassessing the gallium anomaly using exact electron wave functions
M. Cadeddu, N. Cargioli, G. Carotenuto, F. Dordei, L. Ferro, C. Giunti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13103

Reassessing the gallium anomaly using exact electron wave functions
The gallium anomaly, a persistent discrepancy exceeding $4σ$ in the $^{71}$Ga neutrino capture rates from $^{51}$Cr and $^{37}$Ar calibration sources by the GALLEX, SAGE, and recently BEST experiments, has challenged particle physics and nuclear theory for over three decades. We present a new calculation for the neutrino capture cross-section, abandoning the conventional leading-order approximation for electronic wave functions by numerically solving the Dirac-Coulomb equation for both bound a…

Designing binary mixtures of colloidal particles with simple interactions that assemble complex crystals
Beth Hsiao-Yen Wei, C. Levi Petix, Qizan Chen, Michael P. Howard, Jeetain Mittal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13166

Designing binary mixtures of colloidal particles with simple interactions that assemble complex crystals
Computational methods for designing interactions between colloidal particles that induce self-assembly have received much attention for their promise to discover tailored materials. However, it often remains a challenge to translate computationally designed interactions to experiments because they may have features that are too complex, or even infeasible, to physically realize. Toward bridging this gap, we leverage relative-entropy minimization to design pair potentials for binary mixtures of …

Regression adjustment in covariate-adaptive randomized experiments with missing covariates
Wanjia Fu, Yingying Ma, Hanzhong Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10061 https://

Regression adjustment in covariate-adaptive randomized experiments with missing covariates
Covariate-adaptive randomization is widely used in clinical trials to balance prognostic factors, and regression adjustments are often adopted to further enhance the estimation and inference efficiency. In practice, the covariates may contain missing values. Various methods have been proposed to handle the covariate missing problem under simple randomization. However, the statistical properties of the resulting average treatment effect estimators under stratified randomization, or more generall…

Towards few-shot isolated word reading assessment
Reuben Smit, Retief Louw, Herman Kamper
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12217 https://ar…

Towards few-shot isolated word reading assessment
We explore an ASR-free method for isolated word reading assessment in low-resource settings. Our few-shot approach compares input child speech to a small set of adult-provided reference templates. Inputs and templates are encoded using intermediate layers from large self-supervised learned (SSL) models. Using an Afrikaans child speech benchmark, we investigate design options such as discretising SSL features and barycentre averaging of the templates. Idealised experiments show reasonable perfor…

Granular focused jet
Kazuya U. Kobayashi, Pradipto, Yoshiyuki Tagawa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11905 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.11905

Granular focused jet
We investigated the formation of granular focused jets defined as narrow upward ejections of grains triggered by impulsive forces and shaped by kinematic focusing on a concave free surface. The jets were generated from nonfluidized granular beds, in contrast to existing granular Worthington jets that originate from fluidized layers. To elucidate the jet dynamics, we performed experiments in which a test tube partially filled with dry glass beads was dropped onto a flat rigid floor, systematical…

Efficient Statistical Estimation for Sequential Adaptive Experiments with Implications for Adaptive Designs
Wenxin Zhang, Mark van der Laan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09135 http…

Efficient Statistical Estimation for Sequential Adaptive Experiments with Implications for Adaptive Designs
Adaptive experimental designs have gained popularity in clinical trials and online experiments. Unlike traditional, fixed experimental designs, adaptive designs can dynamically adjust treatment randomization probabilities and other design features in response to data accumulated sequentially during the experiment. These adaptations are useful to achieve diverse objectives, including reducing uncertainty in the estimation of causal estimands or increasing participants' chances of receiving bette…

Refract ICL: Rethinking Example Selection in the Era of Million-Token Models
Arjun R. Akula, Kazuma Hashimoto, Krishna Srinivasan, Aditi Chaudhary, Karthik Raman, Michael Bendersky
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12346

Refract ICL: Rethinking Example Selection in the Era of Million-Token Models
The emergence of long-context large language models (LLMs) has enabled the use of hundreds, or even thousands, of demonstrations for in-context learning (ICL) - a previously impractical regime. This paper investigates whether traditional ICL selection strategies, which balance the similarity of ICL examples to the test input (using a text retriever) with diversity within the ICL set, remain effective when utilizing a large number of demonstrations. Our experiments demonstrate that, while longer…

Exploring ultra-high energy neutrino experiments through the lens of the transport equation
Stefano Palmisano, Diego Redigolo, Michele Tammaro, Andrea Tesi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10665

Exploring ultra-high energy neutrino experiments through the lens of the transport equation
We develop a first-principles formalism, based on the transport equation in the line-of-sight approximation, to link the expected number of muons at neutrino telescopes to the flux of neutrinos at the Earth surface. We compute the distribution of muons inside Earth, arising from the up-scattering of neutrinos close to the detector, as well as from the decay of taus produced farther away. This framework allows one to account for systematic uncertainties, as well as to clarify the assumptions beh…

Value-Based Large Language Model Agent Simulation for Mutual Evaluation of Trust and Interpersonal Closeness
Yuki Sakamoto, Takahisa Uchida, Hiroshi Ishiguro
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11979

Value-Based Large Language Model Agent Simulation for Mutual Evaluation of Trust and Interpersonal Closeness
Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for simulating complex social phenomena using human-like agents with specific traits. In human societies, value similarity is important for building trust and close relationships; however, it remains unexplored whether this principle holds true in artificial societies comprising LLM agents. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of value similarity on relationship-building among LLM agents through two experiments. First, in a…

Adiabatic Cooling of Planar Motion in a Penning Trap Ion Crystal to Sub-Millikelvin Temperatures
Wes Johnson, Bryce Bullock, Athreya Shankar, John Zaris, John J. Bollinger, Scott E. Parker
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12429

Adiabatic Cooling of Planar Motion in a Penning Trap Ion Crystal to Sub-Millikelvin Temperatures
Two-dimensional planar ion crystals in a Penning trap are a platform for quantum information science experiments. However, the low-frequency planar modes of these crystals are not efficiently cooled by laser cooling, which can limit the utility of the drumhead modes for quantum information processing. Recently, it has been shown that nonlinear mode coupling can enhance the cooling of the low-frequency planar modes. Here, we demonstrate in numerical simulations that this coupling can be dynamica…

Right handed neutrino production from $Z^\prime$ interactions in forward search experiments
ShivaSankar K. A, Souvik Das, Arindam Das, Sanjoy Mandal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10734

Right handed neutrino production from $Z^\prime$ interactions in forward search experiments
We study two general $U(1)$ extensions of the Standard Model (SM) those generate tiny neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism after general $U(1)$ breaking. These models predict a new neutral gauge boson ($Z'$) and right-handed neutrinos (RHNs), the latter introduced for anomaly cancellation and neutrino mass generation. In both scenarios, left- and right-handed fermions couple differently to the $Z'$, and RHNs mix with light neutrinos, enabling variety of decay modes. Focusing on the high-lum…