Tootfinder

🇺🇦 #NowPlaying on KEXP's #DriveTime
Wilby:
🎵 Experiments
#Wilby
https://wilbyyymusic.bandcamp.com/track/experiments-2
https://open.spotify.com/track/4txD0JmEqTQvWT8qVWn2u2

Eco Puzzlers For Masters of Engineering - For those on their way to mastering engineering... A set of thought experiments to help fix the real world. #ecoEngineering - https://www.earth.org.uk/MEng-Eco-Puzzlers

Eco Puzzlers For Masters of Engineering
For those on their way to mastering engineering... A set of thought experiments to help fix the real world. #ecoEngineering

Can language models boost the power of randomized experiments without statistical bias?
Xinrui Ruan, Xinwei Ma, Yingfei Wang, Waverly Wei, Jingshen Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05545

Can language models boost the power of randomized experiments without statistical bias?
Randomized experiments or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are gold standards for causal inference, yet cost and sample-size constraints limit power. Meanwhile, modern RCTs routinely collect rich, unstructured data that are highly prognostic of outcomes but rarely used in causal analyses. We introduce CALM (Causal Analysis leveraging Language Models), a statistical framework that integrates large language models (LLMs) predictions with established causal estimators to increase precision whil…

Solar--System Experiments in the Search for Dark Energy and Dark Matter
Slava G. Turyshev
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05910 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.05910…

Solar--System Experiments in the Search for Dark Energy and Dark Matter
We reassess the realistic discovery reach of Solar--System experiments for dark energy (DE) and dark matter (DM) and quantify their complementarity to dedicated cosmological probes, such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and Euclid mission. In scalar-tensor frameworks with universal conformal coupling $A(ϕ)$, screening (chameleon/symmetron, Vainshtein) suppresses fifth forces in deep Solar potentials, consistent with the gravitational-wave speed bound $|c_{\tt T}/c-1|…

GMTHRASHpy: Forward Convolutions of Crossed Molecular Beams Experiments in Python
Kazuumi Fujioka, Rui Sun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05398 https://arxiv.o…

GMTHRASHpy: Forward Convolutions of Crossed Molecular Beams Experiments in Python
We introduce GMTHRASHpy, a Python-based application to do forward convolution fits of crossed molecular beams experiments. The code is designed to be easy-to-use and widely-available, so as to be of value to anyone wanting to reproduce data or fits from these experiments. GMTHRASHpy has been benchmarked to replicate the original GMTHRASH executable for a wide variety of published reactions. The inputs and algorithm guiding it are explained. The code is open-source and can be downloaded at: gith…

celegans_interactomes: C. elegans interactomes (2009)
Ten networks of protein-protein interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode), from yeast two-hybrid experiments, biological process maps, literature curation, orthologous interactions, and genetic interactions. The WI8 network combines WI2004, WI2007 and BPmaps, while the Integrated Network combines data from all sources.
This network has 759 nodes and 1593 edges.
Tags: Biological, Protein interactions, Unweighted…

This week we lost avantgarde filmmaker Ken Jacobs, whose flickering experiments with film and light reinforced the lesson of variable media preservation: we keep things alive by keeping them moving.
https://blog.still-water.net/ken-jacobs-and-preserving-the-i…

Today's Experiments Suffice to Verify the Quantum Essence of Gravity
Martin Pl\'avala
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03052 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.0…

Today's Experiments Suffice to Verify the Quantum Essence of Gravity
The gravity-mediated entanglement experiments employ concepts from quantum information to argue that if gravitational interaction creates entanglement between two systems, then gravity cannot be described by a classical system. However, the proposed experiments remain beyond out current technological capability, with optimistic projections placing the experiment outside of short-term future. Here we leverage quantum information techniques to argue that current matter-wave interferometers are su…

RFSoC receiver calibration system for 21-cm global spectrum experiments from space: The CosmoCube case
Jiacong Zhu, Eloy de Lera Acedo, Kaan Artuc, Xuelei Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06558

RFSoC receiver calibration system for 21-cm global spectrum experiments from space: The CosmoCube case
The CosmoCube project plans to deploy a global 21-cm spectrometer with 10-100 MHz observation band in a lunar orbit. The farside part of such an orbit, i.e. the part of orbit behind the Moon, offers an ideal site for accurately measuring the 21-cm signal from the Dark Ages, Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization, as the effects of the Earth's ionosphere, artificial radio frequency interference (RFI), and complex terrain and soil are all avoided. Given the limitations of a satellite platform, we …

New thing I'm experimenting for some time and now it's kinda mature enough to go beta: /browse summaries.
As for now, I'm taking "news", "technology" and "programming", 4 times a day, last 1000 posts and put it through an LLM to make a summary of "what people are talking about".
During experiments it was quite cool. I discovered topics I would never notice due to language barriers. Also it's nice to see what's up at Mast…

When Does Global Attention Help? A Unified Empirical Study on Atomistic Graph Learning
Arindam Chowdhury, Massimiliano Lupo Pasini
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05583 https://

When Does Global Attention Help? A Unified Empirical Study on Atomistic Graph Learning
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used as surrogates for costly experiments and first-principles simulations to study the behavior of compounds at atomistic scale, and their architectural complexity is constantly increasing to enable the modeling of complex physics. While most recent GNNs combine more traditional message passing neural networks (MPNNs) layers to model short-range interactions with more advanced graph transformers (GTs) with global attention mechanisms to model long-range …

Artificially intelligent agents in the social and behavioral sciences: A history and outlook
Petter Holme, Milena Tsvetkova
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05743 https://

Artificially intelligent agents in the social and behavioral sciences: A history and outlook
We review the historical development and current trends of artificially intelligent agents (agentic AI) in the social and behavioral sciences: from the first programmable computers, and social simulations soon thereafter, to today's experiments with large language models. This overview emphasizes the role of AI in the scientific process and the changes brought about, both through technological advancements and the broader evolution of science from around 1950 to the present. Some of the specifi…

Few-Shot Adaptation Benchmark for Remote Sensing Vision-Language Models
Karim El Khoury, Maxime Zanella, Christophe De Vleeschouwer, Benoit Macq
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07135

Few-Shot Adaptation Benchmark for Remote Sensing Vision-Language Models
Remote Sensing Vision-Language Models (RSVLMs) have shown remarkable potential thanks to large-scale pretraining, achieving strong zero-shot performance on various tasks. However, their ability to generalize in low-data regimes, such as few-shot learning, remains insufficiently explored. In this work, we present the first structured benchmark for evaluating few-shot adaptation methods on RSVLMs. We conduct comprehensive experiments across ten remote sensing scene classification datasets, applyi…

Causal Mediation in Natural Experiments
Senan Hogan-Hennessy
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05449 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.05449

Causal Mediation in Natural Experiments
Natural experiments are a cornerstone of applied economics, providing settings for estimating causal effects with a compelling argument for treatment randomisation, but give little indication of the mechanisms behind causal effects. Causal Mediation (CM) provides a framework to analyse mechanisms by identifying the average direct and indirect effects (CM effects), yet conventional CM methods require the relevant mediator is as-good-as-randomly assigned. When people choose the mediator based on …

Will Annotators Disagree? Identifying Subjectivity in Value-Laden Arguments
Amir Homayounirad, Enrico Liscio, Tong Wang, Catholijn M. Jonker, Luciano C. Siebert
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06704

Will Annotators Disagree? Identifying Subjectivity in Value-Laden Arguments
Aggregating multiple annotations into a single ground truth label may hide valuable insights into annotator disagreement, particularly in tasks where subjectivity plays a crucial role. In this work, we explore methods for identifying subjectivity in recognizing the human values that motivate arguments. We evaluate two main approaches: inferring subjectivity through value prediction vs. directly identifying subjectivity. Our experiments show that direct subjectivity identification significantly …

interactome_stelzl: Stelzl human interactome (2005)
A network of human proteins and their binding interactions. Nodes represent proteins and an edge represents an interaction between two proteins, as inferred via high-throughput Y2H experiments using bait and prey methodology.
This network has 1706 nodes and 6207 edges.
Tags: Biological, Protein interactions, Unweighted

In which Sak Supple shares his experiments with using LLMs to transcribe 18th and 19th century playbills from the British Library - manicules, long 's' and all! 'blplaybills.org: better search results using LLMs' https://www.bl.uk/stories/blogs/posts/blpl

blplaybills.org: better search results using LLMs
Search for, view and download 300 years of theatre posters from Great Britain and Ireland, 1600–1902.

Extremtest im Schnee - Mit diesem Gerät kann man dem Lawinentod entkommen #News #Nachrichten

Atmospheric pion, kaon, and muon fluxes for sub-orbital experiments
Diksha Garg, Laksha Pradip Das, Mary Hall Reno
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03428 https://

Atmospheric pion, kaon, and muon fluxes for sub-orbital experiments
Cosmic rays interacting with the Earth's atmosphere generate extensive air showers, which produce Cherenkov, fluorescence and radio emissions. These emissions are key signatures for detection by ground-based, sub-orbital, and satellite-based telescopes aiming to study high energy cosmic ray and neutrino events. However, detectors operating at ground and balloon altitudes are also exposed to a background of atmospheric charged particles, primarily pions, kaons, and muons, that can mimic or obscu…

Study of the two-body nonleptonic $B_{c}(2S)$ weak decays with the QCD factorization approach
Na Wang, Yueling Yang, Junfeng Sun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05503 https://…

Study of the two-body nonleptonic $B_{c}(2S)$ weak decays with the QCD factorization approach
Inspired by the promising prospect of the $B_{c}(2S)$ meson at the coming HL-LHC experiments, the nonleptonic $B_{c}(2S)$ meson weak decays induced by both the $b$ and $c$ decays are investigated with the QCD factorization approach. It is found that branching ratios for the color- and CKM-favored $B_{c}(2S)$ ${\to}$ $B_{s}ρ$, $B_{s}π$ decays can reach up to ${\cal O}(10^{-9})$, which might be measurable. The $B_{c}(2S)$ decays into the final states containing one charmonium are highly suppres…

Identification and optimal control strategies for the transversal splitting of ultra--cold Bose gases
Nikolaus W\"urkner, Yevhenii Kuriatnikov, Karthikeyan Kumaran, Marupaka Venkat Ramana, J\"org Schmiedmayer, Andreas Kugi, Maximilian Pr\"ufer, Andreas Deutschmann-Olek
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07113

Identification and optimal control strategies for the transversal splitting of ultra--cold Bose gases
Splitting a Bose--Einstein condensate (BEC) is a key operation in fundamental physics experiments and emerging quantum technologies, where precise preparation of well--defined initial states requires fast yet coherent control of the condensate's nonlinear dynamics. This work formulates the BEC splitting process as an optimal feedforward control problem based on a physically interpretable, reduced--order model identified from limited experimental data. We introduce a systematic calibration strat…

The relationship between surface features and sub-surface turbulence: simulations and experiments
Omer M. Babiker, J{\o}rgen R. Aarnes, Ali Semati, Am\'elie Ferran, Yi Hui Tee, R. Jason Hearst, Simen {\AA}. Ellingsen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03732

The relationship between surface features and sub-surface turbulence: simulations and experiments
Turbulent flows close beneath a free water surface are of central importance in the Earth system, yet remain relatively little studied with many open questions. We study the degree of correlation between surface motion and sub-surface velocities, comparing data from direct numerical simulation to a new experimental setup where the free-surface motion and sub-surface velocity field are measured simultaneously in a jet-stirred tank. A previous study showed a close correlation between the time ser…

High- and medium-entropy nitride coatings from the Cr-Hf-Mo-Ta-W-N system: properties and high-temperature stability
Pavel Sou\v{c}ek, Stanislava Debn\'arov\'a, \v{S}\'arka Zuzjakov\'a, Shuyao Lin, Matej Fekete, Zsolt Czig\'any, Katalin Bal\'azsi, Luk\'a\v{s} Vr\'ana, Tatiana Pito\v{n}\'akov\'a, Ond\v{r}ej Ja\v{s}ek, Petr Zeman, Nikola Koutn\'a

High- and medium-entropy nitride coatings from the Cr-Hf-Mo-Ta-W-N system: properties and high-temperature stability
High- and medium-entropy nitride coatings from the Cr-Hf-Mo-Ta-W-N system were studied using ab initio calculations and experiments to clarify the role of entropy and individual elements in phase stability, microstructure, and high-temperature behaviour. Formation energy calculations indicated that nitrogen vacancies stabilise the cubic (fcc) phase, with hafnium and tantalum acting as strong stabilisers, while tungsten destabilises the lattice. Coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sput…

Investigating mixed traffic dynamics of pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles at urban intersections: Observation experiments and modelling
Chaojia Yu, Kaixin Wang, Junle Li, Jingjie Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04423

Investigating mixed traffic dynamics of pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles at urban intersections: Observation experiments and modelling
Urban intersections with mixed pedestrian and non-motorized vehicle traffic present complex safety challenges, yet traditional models fail to account for dynamic interactions arising from speed heterogeneity and collision anticipation. This study introduces the Time and Angle Based Social Force Model (TASFM), an enhanced framework extending the classical Social Force Model by integrating Time-to-Collision (TTC) metrics and velocity-angle-dependent tangential forces to simulate collision avoidan…

New Constructions of Cubature Formulas on Wiener Space
Timothy Herschell
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05236 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.05236

New Constructions of Cubature Formulas on Wiener Space
Building on techniques developed by Lyons and Victoir, we present the first explicit construction of a degree-7 cubature formula for Wiener space over $\mathbb{R}^3$. We then examine and compare two approaches for computing cubature approximations: one based on the stochastic Taylor expansion and the other on the Log-ODE method. Our numerical experiments illustrate how the cubature degree influences the order of convergence and demonstrate the utility of cubature methods for weak approximations…

interactome_stelzl: Stelzl human interactome (2005)
A network of human proteins and their binding interactions. Nodes represent proteins and an edge represents an interaction between two proteins, as inferred via high-throughput Y2H experiments using bait and prey methodology.
This network has 1706 nodes and 6207 edges.
Tags: Biological, Protein interactions, Unweighted

Bayesian Design of Experiments in the Presence of Nuisance Parameters
Shirin Golchi, Luke Hagar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03948 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508…

Bayesian Design of Experiments in the Presence of Nuisance Parameters
Design of experiments has traditionally relied on the frequentist hypothesis testing framework where the optimal size of the experiment is specified as the minimum sample size that guarantees a required level of power. Sample size determination may be performed analytically when the test statistic has a known asymptotic sampling distribution and, therefore, the power function is available in analytic form. Bayesian methods have gained popularity in all stages of discovery, namely, design, analy…

Probing the elusive equilibrium crystal/liquid coexistence state in monodisperse hard-sphere colloids simulations
J. Galen Wang, Umesh Dhumal, Monica E. A. Zakhari, Roseanna N. Zia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06506

Probing the elusive equilibrium crystal/liquid coexistence state in monodisperse hard-sphere colloids simulations
Entropically driven phase transitions in atomic and colloidal systems of monodisperse, purely repulsive hard spheres (MPRHS) are long-established in terms of distinct phases and phase envelopes via theory, simulations, and experiments. Frenkel proposed a mechanistic model for entropic phase separation in MPRHS, which lack obvious sources of competing entropy. He proposed that loss of long-range (configurational) entropy is offset by gain of short-range (vibrational) entropy - but its metastabil…

Sensor Co-design for $\textit{smartpixels}$
Danush Shekar, Ben Weiss, Morris Swartz, Corrinne Mills, Jennet Dickinson, Lindsey Gray, David Jiang, Mohammad Abrar Wadud, Daniel Abadjiev, Anthony Badea, Douglas Berry, Alec Cauper, Arghya Ranjan Das, Giuseppe Di Guglielmo, Karri Folan DiPetrillo, Farah Fahim, Rachel Kovach Fuentes, Abhijith Gandrakota, James Hirschauer, Eliza Howard, Shiqi Kuang, Carissa Kumar, Ron Lipton, Mia Liu, Petar Maksimovic, Nick Manganelli, Mark S Neubauer, Aidan …

Sensor Co-design for $\textit{smartpixels}$
Pixel tracking detectors at upcoming collider experiments will see unprecedented charged-particle densities. Real-time data reduction on the detector will enable higher granularity and faster readout, possibly enabling the use of the pixel detector in the first level of the trigger for a hadron collider. This data reduction can be accomplished with a neural network (NN) in the readout chip bonded with the sensor that recognizes and rejects tracks with low transverse momentum (p$_T$) based on th…

Replaced article(s) found for hep-ex. https://arxiv.org/list/hep-ex/new
[1/1]:
- The Fast Stochastic Matching Pursuit for Neutrino and Dark Matter Experiments
Yuyi Wang, Aiqiang Zhang, Yiyang Wu, Benda Xu, Xuewei Liu, Jiajie Chen, Zhe Wang, Shaomin Chen

Kekul\'e Superconductivity in Twisted Magic Angle Bilayer Graphene
Ke Wang, K. Levin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06451 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.06451

Kekulé Superconductivity in Twisted Magic Angle Bilayer Graphene
Motivated by recent scanning tunneling microscopy experiments which report Kekulé ordering in the twisted graphene family, we develop a microscopic theory of superconductivity, specifically for the bi-layer case. This involves an intra-valley, finite-momentum pair-density wave (PDW) which naturally incorporates a Kekulé distortion into the superconducting phase. The PDW state displays three central features: (i) it spontaneously breaks $C_3$ rotational symmetry, producing nematic order, and (…

A case for resonant x-ray Bragg diffraction by a collinear antiferromagnet Li2Ni3P4O14
Stephen W. Lovesey
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05174 https://arxiv.or…

A case for resonant x-ray Bragg diffraction by a collinear antiferromagnet Li2Ni3P4O14
Magnetic axial and polar (Dirac) nickel multipoles contribute to resonant x-ray Bragg amplitudes in a symmetry informed analysis of monoclinic Li2Ni3P4O14 presented for future diffraction experiments. Magnetic long-range order below a temperature 14.5 K can be viewed as a two-dimensional trimerized antiferromagnet with Ni ions in two Wyckoff positions in the centrosymmetric magnetic space group P21/c. It permits the coupling to circular polarization in the primary x-ray beam, unlike the corresp…

Optimal Estimation for General Gaussian Processes
Tetsuya Takabatake, Jun Yu, Chen Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04987 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.04987

Optimal Estimation for General Gaussian Processes
This paper proposes a novel exact maximum likelihood (ML) estimation method for general Gaussian processes, where all parameters are estimated jointly. The exact ML estimator (MLE) is consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. We prove the local asymptotic normality (LAN) property of the sequence of statistical experiments for general Gaussian processes in the sense of Le Cam, thereby enabling optimal estimation and facilitating statistical inference. The results rely solely on the asy…

Universal relations between thermoelectrics and noise in mesoscopic transport across a tunnel junction
Andrei I. Pavlov, Mikhail N. Kiselev
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05413 http…

Universal relations between thermoelectrics and noise in mesoscopic transport across a tunnel junction
We develop a unified theory of weakly probed differential observables for currents and noise in transport experiments. Our findings uncover a set of universal transport relations between thermoelectric and noise properties of a system probed through a tunnel contact, with the Wiedemann-Franz law being just one example of such universality between charge and heat currents. We apply this theory to various quantum dot systems, including multichannel Kondo, quantum Hall and Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev quantu…

Generalization of Gibbs and Langevin Monte Carlo Algorithms in the Interpolation Regime
Andreas Maurer, Erfan Mirzaei, Massimiliano Pontil
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06028 https…

Generalization of Gibbs and Langevin Monte Carlo Algorithms in the Interpolation Regime
The paper provides data-dependent bounds on the test error of the Gibbs algorithm in the overparameterized interpolation regime, where low training errors are also obtained for impossible data, such as random labels in classification. The bounds are stable under approximation with Langevin Monte Carlo algorithms. Experiments on the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets verify that the bounds yield nontrivial predictions on true labeled data and correctly upper bound the test error for random labels. Our …

Effects of intertube dipole-dipole interactions in nearly integrable one-dimensional $^{162}$Dy gases
Yicheng Zhang, Kangning Yang, Benjamin L. Lev, Marcos Rigol
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05212

Effects of intertube dipole-dipole interactions in nearly integrable one-dimensional $^{162}$Dy gases
We study the effects of the intertube dipole-dipole interactions (DDI) in recent experiments with arrays of nearly integrable one-dimensional (1D) dipolar Bose gases of $^{162}$Dy atoms. An earlier theoretical modeling ignored those interactions, which we include here via a modification of the 1D confining potentials. We investigate the effects of the intertube DDI both during the state preparation and during the measurements of the rapidity distributions. We explore how the strength of the con…

Leveraging Transfer Learning and Mobile-enabled Convolutional Neural Networks for Improved Arabic Handwritten Character Recognition
Mohsine El Khayati, Ayyad Maafiri, Yassine Himeur, Hamzah Ali Alkhazaleh, Shadi Atalla, Wathiq Mansoor
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05019

Leveraging Transfer Learning and Mobile-enabled Convolutional Neural Networks for Improved Arabic Handwritten Character Recognition
The study explores the integration of transfer learning (TL) with mobile-enabled convolutional neural networks (MbNets) to enhance Arabic Handwritten Character Recognition (AHCR). Addressing challenges like extensive computational requirements and dataset scarcity, this research evaluates three TL strategies--full fine-tuning, partial fine-tuning, and training from scratch--using four lightweight MbNets: MobileNet, SqueezeNet, MnasNet, and ShuffleNet. Experiments were conducted on three benchma…

Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis in LLM Reasoning Traces
Minju Gwak, Guijin Son, Jaehyung Kim
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06953 https://

Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis in LLM Reasoning Traces
The Uniform Information Density (UID) hypothesis suggests that effective communication maintains a stable flow of information. In this work, we revisit this principle in the context of large language model (LLM) reasoning traces, asking whether step-level uniformity reflects reasoning quality. To this end, we propose an entropy-based stepwise information density metric and introduce two complementary measures of uniformity, local and global uniformity scores. Across the experiments on six diffe…

From Digital Distrust to Codified Honesty: Experimental Evidence on Generative AI in Credence Goods Markets
Alexander Erlei
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06069 https://

From Digital Distrust to Codified Honesty: Experimental Evidence on Generative AI in Credence Goods Markets
Generative AI is transforming the provision of expert services. This article uses a series of one-shot experiments to quantify the behavioral, welfare and distribution consequences of large language models (LLMs) on AI-AI, Human-Human, Human-AI and Human-AI-Human expert markets. Using a credence goods framework where experts have private information about the optimal service for consumers, we find that Human-Human markets generally achieve higher levels of efficiency than AI-AI and Human-AI mar…

Tell the NIH: Stop Funding Wayne State's Dead-End Dog Experiments #AnimalRights

Dog 3002 Was Healthy and Adoptable—Wayne State Still Killed Him
He wouldn’t run on a treadmill for the university’s dead-end heart failure experiments, so Wayne State fabricated reasons to end his life. The cruelty must end. Ask the NIH to cancel the experiments!

Probing Social Identity Bias in Chinese LLMs with Gendered Pronouns and Social Groups
Geng Liu, Feng Li, Junjie Mu, Mengxiao Zhu, Francesco Pierri
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06974

Probing Social Identity Bias in Chinese LLMs with Gendered Pronouns and Social Groups
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in user-facing applications, raising concerns about their potential to reflect and amplify social biases. We investigate social identity framing in Chinese LLMs using Mandarin-specific prompts across ten representative Chinese LLMs, evaluating responses to ingroup ("We") and outgroup ("They") framings, and extending the setting to 240 social groups salient in the Chinese context. To complement controlled experiments, we further analyze Chin…

A century of the Bose-Einstein condensation concept and half a century of the JINR experiments for observation of condensate in the superfluid 4He (He II)
Valentin Zagrebnov (I2M)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03378

A century of the Bose-Einstein condensation concept and half a century of the JINR experiments for observation of condensate in the superfluid 4He (He II)
This short review is devoted to celebration of two major events in quantum physics. The first one is the birth of the concept of Bose-Einstein condensation (1925) and the second is the experimental proof that it does exist and appears in the liquid 4He simultaneously with superfluidity below the $λ$-point (1975). The both of these events are tightly related to the Bogoliubov theory of superfluidity (1947). The existence of condensate in the system of interacting bosons is the key ansatz of thi…

interactome_stelzl: Stelzl human interactome (2005)
A network of human proteins and their binding interactions. Nodes represent proteins and an edge represents an interaction between two proteins, as inferred via high-throughput Y2H experiments using bait and prey methodology.
This network has 1706 nodes and 6207 edges.
Tags: Biological, Protein interactions, Unweighted

As Delta experiments with AI-driven pricing, regulators and travelers alike worry about dynamic fare schemes that "go beyond the human cognitive limits" (Max Chafkin/Bloomberg)

Schrodinger's Toolbox: Exploring the Quantum Rowhammer Attack
Devon Campbell
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06318 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.06318

Schrodinger's Toolbox: Exploring the Quantum Rowhammer Attack
Residual cross-talk in superconducting qubit devices creates a security vulnerability for emerging quantum cloud services. We demonstrate a Clifford-only Quantum Rowhammer attack-using just X and CNOT gates-that injects faults on IBM's 127-qubit Eagle processors without requiring pulse-level access. Experiments show that targeted hammering induces localized errors confined to the attack cycle and primarily manifests as phase noise, as confirmed by near 50% flip rates under Hadamard-basis probin…

Zenbo Patrol: A Social Assistive Robot Based on Multimodal Deep Learning for Real-time Illegal Parking Recognition and Notification
Jian-jie Zheng, Chih-kai Yang, Po-han Chen, Lyn Chao-ling Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04190

Zenbo Patrol: A Social Assistive Robot Based on Multimodal Deep Learning for Real-time Illegal Parking Recognition and Notification
In the study, the social robot act as a patrol to recognize and notify illegal parking in real-time. Dual-model pipeline method and large multimodal model were compared, and the GPT-4o multimodal model was adopted in license plate recognition without preprocessing. For moving smoothly on a flat ground, the robot navigated in a simulated parking lot in the experiments. The robot changes angle view of the camera automatically to capture the images around with the format of license plate number. F…

Algorithm Adaptation Bias in Recommendation System Online Experiments
Chen Zheng, Zhenyu Zhao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00199 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.0…

Algorithm Adaptation Bias in Recommendation System Online Experiments
Online experiments (A/B tests) are widely regarded as the gold standard for evaluating recommender system variants and guiding launch decisions. However, a variety of biases can distort the results of the experiment and mislead decision-making. An underexplored but critical bias is algorithm adaptation effect. This bias arises from the flywheel dynamics among production models, user data, and training pipelines: new models are evaluated on user data whose distributions are shaped by the incumbe…

Curiosity-Driven Co-Development of Action and Language in Robots Through Self-Exploration
Theodore Jerome Tinker, Kenji Doya, Jun Tani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05013 https://

Curiosity-Driven Co-Development of Action and Language in Robots Through Self-Exploration
Human infants acquire language and action co-developmentally, achieving remarkable generalization capabilities from only a minimal number of learning examples. In contrast, recent large language models require exposure to billions of training tokens to achieve such generalization. What mechanisms underlie such efficient developmental learning in humans? This study addresses this question through simulation experiments in which robots learn to perform various actions corresponding to imperative …

Prompt Injection Vulnerability of Consensus Generating Applications in Digital Democracy
Jairo Gudi\~no-Rosero, Cl\'ement Contet, Umberto Grandi, C\'esar A. Hidalgo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04281

Prompt Injection Vulnerability of Consensus Generating Applications in Digital Democracy
Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining traction as a method to generate consensus statements and aggregate preferences in digital democracy experiments. Yet, LLMs may introduce critical vulnerabilities in these systems. Here, we explore the impact of prompt-injection attacks targeting consensus generating systems by introducing a four-dimensional taxonomy of attacks. We test these attacks using LLaMA 3.1 8B and Chat GPT 4.1 Nano finding the LLMs more vulnerable to criticism attacks -- attacks…

Famous Cognitive Psychology Experiments that Failed to Replicate
A quick reference
https://aethermug.com/posts/famous-cognitive-psychology-experiments-that-failed-to-replicate

Famous Cognitive Psychology Experiments that Failed to Replicate
A quick reference

Replaced article(s) found for physics.data-an. https://arxiv.org/list/physics.data-an/new
[1/1]:
- The Fast Stochastic Matching Pursuit for Neutrino and Dark Matter Experiments
Yuyi Wang, Aiqiang Zhang, Yiyang Wu, Benda Xu, Xuewei Liu, Jiajie Chen, Zhe Wang, Shaomin Chen

Exact and Conservative Inference for the Average Treatment Effect in Stratified Experiments with Binary Outcomes
Jiaxun Li, Jacob Spertus, Philip B. Stark
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03834

Exact and Conservative Inference for the Average Treatment Effect in Stratified Experiments with Binary Outcomes
We extend methods for finite-sample inference about the average treatment effect (ATE) in randomized experiments with binary outcomes to accommodate stratification (blocking). We present three valid methods that differ in their computational and statistical efficiency. The first method constructs conservative, Bonferroni-adjusted confidence intervals separately for the mean response in the treatment and control groups in each stratum, then takes appropriate weighted differences of their endpoin…

interactome_stelzl: Stelzl human interactome (2005)
A network of human proteins and their binding interactions. Nodes represent proteins and an edge represents an interaction between two proteins, as inferred via high-throughput Y2H experiments using bait and prey methodology.
This network has 1706 nodes and 6207 edges.
Tags: Biological, Protein interactions, Unweighted

Limits on the Axion-Photon Coupling from Chandrayaan-2
Tanmoy Kumar, N. P. S. Mithun, Subhendra Mohanty, Sourov Roy, B. S. Bharath Saiguhan, Santosh Vadawale
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06087

Limits on the Axion-Photon Coupling from Chandrayaan-2
Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) have gained immense attention in searches for beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics. Experiments searching for axions leverage their predicted couplings to Standard Model (SM) particles to look for observable signals. Though weak, these couplings allow axions to be produced abundantly in the interiors of stars such as the Sun. Once created, axions can escape the Sun and while passing through the solar atmosphere, oscillate into photons in the magnetic field …

Learning Polynomial Activation Functions for Deep Neural Networks
Linghao Zhang, Jiawang Nie, Tingting Tang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03682 https://arxiv.…

Learning Polynomial Activation Functions for Deep Neural Networks
Activation functions are crucial for deep neural networks. This novel work frames the problem of training neural network with learnable polynomial activation functions as a polynomial optimization problem, which is solvable by the Moment-SOS hierarchy. This work represents a fundamental departure from the conventional paradigm of training deep neural networks, which relies on local optimization methods like backpropagation and gradient descent. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate…

Efficient Scaling for LLM-based ASR
Bingshen Mu, Yiwen Shao, Kun Wei, Dong Yu, Lei Xie
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04096 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.04096

Efficient Scaling for LLM-based ASR
Large language model (LLM)-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) achieves strong performance but often incurs high computational costs. This work investigates how to obtain the best LLM-ASR performance efficiently. Through comprehensive and controlled experiments, we find that pretraining the speech encoder before integrating it with the LLM leads to significantly better scaling efficiency than the standard practice of joint post-training of LLM-ASR. Based on this insight, we propose a new m…

Updated comparison of the UHECR energy spectra measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array
Douglas R. Bergman, Toshihiro Fujii, Kozo Fujisue, Keitaro Fujita, Jihyun Kim, Diego Ravignani, Felix Riehn, Markus Roth, Francesco Salamida, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Valerio Verzi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05530

Updated comparison of the UHECR energy spectra measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array
The Pierre Auger and Telescope Array joint Working Group on the UHECR energy spectrum was established in 2012 to analyze energy scale uncertainties in both experiments and to in vestigate their systematic differences, particularly in the spectral shape of the flux measurements. Previous studies have indeed shown that, within systematic uncertainties, the energy s pectra measured by the two observatories are consistent below~$10\,\mathrm{EeV}$. However, at higher energies, a significant differen…

LLMs as Policy-Agnostic Teammates: A Case Study in Human Proxy Design for Heterogeneous Agent Teams
Aju Ani Justus, Chris Baber
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06151 https://

LLMs as Policy-Agnostic Teammates: A Case Study in Human Proxy Design for Heterogeneous Agent Teams
A critical challenge in modelling Heterogeneous-Agent Teams is training agents to collaborate with teammates whose policies are inaccessible or non-stationary, such as humans. Traditional approaches rely on expensive human-in-the-loop data, which limits scalability. We propose using Large Language Models (LLMs) as policy-agnostic human proxies to generate synthetic data that mimics human decision-making. To evaluate this, we conduct three experiments in a grid-world capture game inspired by Sta…

Spectrum of the Curl of Vorticity as a Precursor to Dissipation in 3D Taylor--Green Turbulence
Satori Tsuzuki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05728 https://arxi…

Spectrum of the Curl of Vorticity as a Precursor to Dissipation in 3D Taylor--Green Turbulence
Predicting when a three-dimensional turbulent flow reaches its dissipation peak is essential for both theory and adaptive algorithms in simulations and experiments. Using direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of the Taylor--Green vortex (TGV) at resolutions of $256^3$--$1024^3$, we introduce and test a small-scale weighted diagnostic: the spectrum of $|\nabla \times \boldsymbolω|^2$ (with $\boldsymbolω=\nabla \times \mathbf{u}$), which, for incompressible flow, is equivalent to a $k^4…

Autonomous interpretation of atomistic scattering data
Andy S. Anker, John L. A. Gardner, Louise A. M. Rosset, Andrew L. Goodwin, Volker L. Deringer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05938

Autonomous interpretation of atomistic scattering data
Materials with bespoke properties have long been identified by computational searches, and their experimental realisation is now coming within reach through autonomous laboratories. Scattering experiments are central to verifying the atomic structures of autonomously synthesised materials. Yet, interpreting these measurements typically requires user expertise and manual processing, or machine learning (ML) models trained on predefined datasets, limiting fully autonomous materials discovery. Her…

Knowledge Collapse in LLMs: When Fluency Survives but Facts Fail under Recursive Synthetic Training
Figarri Keisha, Zekun Wu, Ze Wang, Adriano Koshiyama, Philip Treleaven
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04796

Knowledge Collapse in LLMs: When Fluency Survives but Facts Fail under Recursive Synthetic Training
Large language models increasingly rely on synthetic data due to human-written content scarcity, yet recursive training on model-generated outputs leads to model collapse, a degenerative process threatening factual reliability. We define knowledge collapse as a distinct three-stage phenomenon where factual accuracy deteriorates while surface fluency persists, creating "confidently wrong" outputs that pose critical risks in accuracy-dependent domains. Through controlled experiments with recursiv…

Greedy Thiele continued-fraction approximation on continuum domains in the complex plane
Tobin A. Driscoll, Yuxing Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07295 https://

Greedy Thiele continued-fraction approximation on continuum domains in the complex plane
We describe an adaptive greedy algorithm for Thiele continued-fraction approximation of a function defined on a continuum domain in the complex plane. The algorithm iteratively selects interpolation nodes from an adaptively refined set of sample points on the domain boundary. We also present new algorithms for evaluating Thiele continued fractions and their accessory weights using only a single floating-point division. Numerical experiments comparing the greedy TCF method with the AAA algorithm…

Non-Exponential Decay in Finite Photonic Waveguide Arrays
Florian H. Huber, Benedikt Braumandl, Johannes Kn\"orzer, Jonas Himmel, Carlotta Versmold, Robert H. Jonsson, Alexander Szameit, Jasmin Meinecke
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06443

Non-Exponential Decay in Finite Photonic Waveguide Arrays
Open quantum-system dynamics can follow exponential decay, non-exponential relaxation, or oscillatory dynamics, depending on the system-environment coupling. We study a lattice with a boundary defect that transitions between these regimes, controlled by a single parameter. Extending the exact solution to the oscillatory case, we establish a unified theory confirmed by experiments in integrated waveguide arrays. We characterize finite-size effects by comparing analytics, numerics, and data. This…

SAOS and LAOS rheology for differentiating chemical and physical crosslinking: A case study on PVA hydrogels
David Kogan, Moshe Gottlieb
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06720 https:/…

SAOS and LAOS rheology for differentiating chemical and physical crosslinking: A case study on PVA hydrogels
In this work, we have studied the viscoelastic behavior of chemically and physically crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels near the critical gel point (GP) as well as further away from it, by means of small amplitude (SAOS) and large amplitude (LAOS) oscillatory shear experiments. Chemical crosslinking involved covalent bonding by means of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker, while physical crosslinking was induced by freeze-thaw cycles. SAOS data analysis allowed evaluation of critical p…

Crosslisted article(s) found for econ.EM. https://arxiv.org/list/econ.EM/new
[1/1]:
- Can language models boost the power of randomized experiments without statistical bias?
Xinrui Ruan, Xinwei Ma, Yingfei Wang, Waverly Wei, Jingshen Wang

MUSE: Multi-Treatment Experiment Design for Winner Selection and Effect Estimation
Jiachen Xu, Jian Qian, Zijun Gao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04489 https://

MUSE: Multi-Treatment Experiment Design for Winner Selection and Effect Estimation
We study the design of experiments with multiple treatment levels, a setting common in clinical trials and online A/B/n testing. Unlike single-treatment studies, practical analyses of multi-treatment experiments typically first select a winning treatment, and then only estimate the effect therein. Motivated by this analysis paradigm, we propose a design for MUlti-treatment experiments that jointly maximizes the accuracy of winner Selection and effect Estimation (MUSE). Explicitly, we introduce …

Emergence of nematic loop-current bond order in vanadium Kagome metals
Alex Friedlan, Hae-Young Kee
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05234 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

Emergence of nematic loop-current bond order in vanadium Kagome metals
The family of layered Kagome metals $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{V}_3\mathrm{Sb}_5$ $(\mathrm{A}=\mathrm{K,Rb,Cs})$ has recently attracted significant interest due to reports of charge-bond order, orbital magnetism, and superconductivity. Some of these phases may exhibit time-reversal symmetry breaking, as suggested by their response to magnetic fields. More recently, experiments have reported the emergence of nematic order that lowers the rotational symmetry of the system from sixfold to twofold. Here w…

Statistical Inference for Misspecified Contextual Bandits
Yongyi Guo, Ziping Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06287 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.06287

Statistical Inference for Misspecified Contextual Bandits
Contextual bandit algorithms have transformed modern experimentation by enabling real-time adaptation for personalized treatment and efficient use of data. Yet these advantages create challenges for statistical inference due to adaptivity. A fundamental property that supports valid inference is policy convergence, meaning that action-selection probabilities converge in probability given the context. Convergence ensures replicability of adaptive experiments and stability of online algorithms. In…

HEEPidermis: a versatile SoC for BioZ recording
Juan Sapriza, Beatrice Grassano, Alessio Naclerio, Filippo Quadri, Tommaso Terzano, David Mallas\'en, Davide Schiavone, Robin Leplae, J\'er\'emie Moullet, Alexandre Levisse, Christoph M\"uller, Mariagrazia Graziano, Mat\'ias Miguez, David Atienza
https://arxiv.org/abs/250…

HEEPidermis: a versatile SoC for BioZ recording
Biological impedance (BioZ) is an information-packed modality that allows for non-invasive monitoring of health and emotional state. Currently, most research involving tissue impedance is based on bulky or fixed-purpose hardware, which limits the scope of research and the possibilities of experiments. In this work, we present HEEPidermis: a System-on-Chip (SoC) which integrates all the blocks needed for tissue impedance measurement, including two 8-bit, arbitrary-signal current DACs, two VCO-ba…

Tritium Separation from Gaseous 1,2,3H Isotopologue Mixtures by Selective Adsorption on Ag-Exchanged Zeolite Type Y
Alexandra Becker, Holger Lippold, Michael Hirscher, Cornelius Fischer
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03333

Tritium Separation from Gaseous 1,2,3H Isotopologue Mixtures by Selective Adsorption on Ag-Exchanged Zeolite Type Y
Efficient separation of hydrogen isotopologues is crucial for applications such as the recycling of exhaust streams in nuclear fusion reactors. Using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), we report, for the first time, on separation experiments of a ternary 1,2,3H isotope mixture, achieving tritium enrichment of 70% from an initially equimolar (1:1:1) gas mixture, based on selective adsorption using an Ag(I)-exchanged zeolite type Y. Further experiments on binary hydrogen isotope mixtures vali…

Monte Carlo challenges for strong field quantum electrodynamics
Anthony Hartin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05119 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.05119

Monte Carlo challenges for strong field quantum electrodynamics
The assisted Schwinger effect, which is predicted to display non-perturbative quantum tunnelling, is expected to be produced in precision lab experiments with electron beams and intense lasers. Indeed, many novel effects predicted by a theory which incorporates the laser field exactly, can be probed experimentally with the proper application of theory and simulation. Among predicted first order effects are a rest mass shift and harmonic Compton scattering. Higher order effects include resonant …

Fabrication and characterization of AlMn alloy superconducting films for 0vbb experiments
Zhouhui Liu, Yifei Zhang, Yu Xu, Mengxian Zhang, Qing Yu, Xufang Li, He Gao, Zhengwei Li, Daikang Yan, Shibo Shu, Yongjie Zhang, Xuefeng Lu, Yu Wang, Jianjie Zhang, Yuanyuan Liu, Congzhan Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00641

Fabrication and characterization of AlMn alloy superconducting films for 0vbb experiments
Neutrinoless double-beta decay (0vbb) experiments constitute a pivotal probe for elucidating the characteristics of neutrinos and further discovering new physics. Compared to the neutron transmutation doped germanium thermistors (NTD-Ge) used in 0vbb experiments such as CUORE, transition edge sensors (TES) theoretically have a relatively faster response time and higher energy resolution. These make TES detectors good choice for next generation 0vbb experiments. In this paper, AlMn alloy superco…

Testing new-physics scenarios with the combined LHAASO and Carpet-3 fluence spectrum of GRB 221009A: axion-like particles and Lorentz-invariance violation
P. S. Satunin, S. V. Troitsky
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07234

Testing new-physics scenarios with the combined LHAASO and Carpet-3 fluence spectrum of GRB 221009A: axion-like particles and Lorentz-invariance violation
From gamma-ray burst (GRB) 221009A, very high-energy photons were detected: >10 TeV with LHAASO and >100 TeV with Carpet-3. Such energetic photons are expected to be absorbed via electron-positron pair production on their way to the Earth. Their observation might be explained by new physics, including Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) or photon mixing with axion-like particles (ALPs). Here, we construct a joint fluence spectrum by combining flux measurements from both experiments, and fit it u…

Linear response of turbulence
H. E. Cekli, G. Bertens, W van de Water
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05362 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.05362

Linear response of turbulence
We study the response of wind tunnel turbulence to perturbations using an active grid. We compare our findings to Kraichnan's linear response result $R(k,τ_d) = \exp(-k^2 \: τ_d^2 \: u^2)$ which predicts a decay of the response with increasing turbulence intensity $u$, wave number of the perturbation $k$ and delay time $τ_d$ since the perturbation was applied (kraichnan.1964). In our experiments we used two different mechanisms to create a perturbation of a pre--existing and well--developed …

Replaced article(s) found for physics.data-an. https://arxiv.org/list/physics.data-an/new
[1/1]:
- Review of Machine Learning for Real-Time Analysis at the Large Hadron Collider experiments ALICE,...
Laura Boggia, et al.

Interlayer Coupling and Exciton Dynamics in 2D Hybrid Structures based on an InGaN Quantum Well coupled to a MoSe2 Monolayer
D. Chen, D. Lagarde, L. Hemmen, L. Lombez, P. Renucci, M. Mauguet, L. Ren, C. Robert, N. Grandjean, X. Marie
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06547

Interlayer Coupling and Exciton Dynamics in 2D Hybrid Structures based on an InGaN Quantum Well coupled to a MoSe2 Monolayer
Hybrid structures incorpora1ng both III-nitride and Transi1on Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors have strong applica1on poten1al for light harves1ng and optoelectronics. Here we have inves1gated the proper1es of hybrid structures based on a MoSe2 monolayer coupled to an InGaN quantum well (QW). The coupling efficiency is controlled by a thin GaN barrier of variable thickness located between them. Time-integrated and 1me-resolved micro-photoluminescence experiments show a quenching of the…

Dynamics of Choline Chloride based Deep Eutectic Solvents: Neutron Scattering Study
Rinesh T., H. Srinivasan, V. K. Sharma, S. Mitra
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05882 https://

Dynamics of Choline Chloride based Deep Eutectic Solvents: Neutron Scattering Study
In this study, we investigate the microscopic diffusion dynamics of choline chloride (ChCl) based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to elucidate the influence of hydrogen bond donor (HBD) identity on the mobility of cholinium ions. The DES systems examined include ethaline, glyceline, and reline, comprising ChCl mixed with ethylene glycol, glycerol, and urea, respectively, in a 1:2 molar ratio. Quasielastic neutron scattering experiments was used to probe the self-diffusion of cholinium ions at mol…

Do Recommender Systems Really Leverage Multimodal Content? A Comprehensive Analysis on Multimodal Representations for Recommendation
Claudio Pomo, Matteo Attimonelli, Danilo Danese, Fedelucio Narducci, Tommaso Di Noia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04571

Do Recommender Systems Really Leverage Multimodal Content? A Comprehensive Analysis on Multimodal Representations for Recommendation
Multimodal Recommender Systems aim to improve recommendation accuracy by integrating heterogeneous content, such as images and textual metadata. While effective, it remains unclear whether their gains stem from true multimodal understanding or increased model complexity. This work investigates the role of multimodal item embeddings, emphasizing the semantic informativeness of the representations. Initial experiments reveal that embeddings from standard extractors (e.g., ResNet50, Sentence-Bert)…

Cosmic Axion Background Detection Using Resonant Cavity Arrays
Soobeom Chung, Jeff A. Dror
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03797 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.0379…

Cosmic Axion Background Detection Using Resonant Cavity Arrays
The axion is a well-motivated and generic extension of the Standard Model. If produced in the early universe, axions may still be relativistic today, forming a Cosmic Axion Background (C$a$B) potentially detectable in direct detection experiments. A key challenge, however, is that the C$a$B is expected to have a broad energy spectrum, limiting the effectiveness of resonant cavity experiments designed for narrowband searches. We propose a new strategy using multi-cavity arrays to distinguish sig…

Perplexity struggles to scale its shopping and ad businesses nearly a year after launching ad sales and in-app purchasing, frustrating marketers and merchants (The Information)
https://www.theinformation.com/articles/perplexitys-commerce-ads-experim…

Perplexity’s Commerce and Ads Experiments Are Stuck in Neutral
Perplexity has drawn plenty of its headlines for its relentless fundraising—which recently valued the artificial intelligence search firm at $20 billion—and its penchant for declaring big-ticket acquisition targets like TikTok. But its efforts to build businesses in online shopping and ...

Case Studies of Generative Machine Learning Models for Dynamical Systems
Nachiket U. Bapat, Randy C. Paffenroth, Raghvendra V. Cowlagi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04459 https://

Case Studies of Generative Machine Learning Models for Dynamical Systems
Systems like aircraft and spacecraft are expensive to operate in the real world. The design, validation, and testing for such systems therefore relies on a combination of mathematical modeling, abundant numerical simulations, and a relatively small set of real-world experiments. Due to modeling errors, simplifications, and uncertainties, the data synthesized by simulation models often does not match data from the system's real-world operation. We consider the broad research question of whether …

SHADES -- $^{22}$Ne($\alpha$,n)$^{25}$Mg reaction rate in the Gamow window
David Rapagnani, Chemseddine Ananna, Antonino Di Leva, Gianluca Imbriani, Matthias Junker, Marco Pignatari, Andreas Best
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06268

SHADES -- $^{22}$Ne($α$,n)$^{25}$Mg reaction rate in the Gamow window
Neutron capture reactions are the main contributors to the synthesis of the heavy elements through the s-process. Together with $^{13}$C($α$,n)16O, which has recently been measured by the LUNA collaboration in an energy region inside the Gamow peak, 22Ne(α,n)25Mg is the other main neutron source in stars. Its cross section is mostly unknown in the relevant stellar energy (450 keV < Ecm < 750 keV), where only upper limits from direct experiments and highly uncertain estimates from indirect sou…

When three experiments are better than two: Avoiding intractable correlated aleatoric uncertainty by leveraging a novel bias--variance tradeoff
Paul Scherer, Andreas Kirsch, Jake P. Taylor-King
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04363

When three experiments are better than two: Avoiding intractable correlated aleatoric uncertainty by leveraging a novel bias--variance tradeoff
Real-world experimental scenarios are characterized by the presence of heteroskedastic aleatoric uncertainty, and this uncertainty can be correlated in batched settings. The bias--variance tradeoff can be used to write the expected mean squared error between a model distribution and a ground-truth random variable as the sum of an epistemic uncertainty term, the bias squared, and an aleatoric uncertainty term. We leverage this relationship to propose novel active learning strategies that directl…

Dynamics of an autocatalytic reaction front: effects of imposed turbulence and buoyancy-driven flows
Nihal Tawdi, Christophe Almarcha, Michael Le Bars
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06709

Dynamics of an autocatalytic reaction front: effects of imposed turbulence and buoyancy-driven flows
Thin flame dynamics in a turbulent flow remains debated, with various parameterizations proposed for the typical flame propagation velocity. According to the classical Damköhler's model based on Huygens' principle, a flame front should advance at a constant velocity normal to the interface between reactants and products, with a turbulent acceleration induced by the wrinkling and surface increase of the interface. However, combustion experiments often deviate from this model due to intertwined …

Covariate adjustment for linear models in estimating treatment effects in randomised clinical trials. Some useful theory to guide simulation
Stephen Senn, Franz K\"onig, Martin Posch
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05459

Covariate adjustment for linear models in estimating treatment effects in randomised clinical trials. Some useful theory to guide simulation
Building on key papers that were published in special issues of Biometrics in 1957 and 1982 we propose and develop a three-aspect system for evaluating the effect of fitting covariates in the analysis of designed experiments, in particular randomised clinical trials. The three aspects are: first the effect on residual mean square error, second the effect on the variance inflation factor (VIF) and third the effect on second order precision. We concentrate, in particular, on the VIF and highlight…

Tensorial Model of Chiral Smectic C Liquid Crystals
Jingmin Xia, Jinbing Wu, Yucen Han
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05965 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.05965

Tensorial Model of Chiral Smectic C Liquid Crystals
We propose a continuum tensorial model for chiral smectic C (SmC$^*$) liquid crystals using a tensor-valued order parameter $\mathbf{Q}$ to describe orientational order and a real-valued order parameter $δρ$ to capture layer modulation. This model accounts for the coupled effects of nematic alignment, smectic layering, chirality and spontaneous polarisation inherent in SmC$^*$ systems. The model is validated through a series of numerical experiments -- helix, bistable switching, bookshelf and…

T versus CP effects in DUNE and T2HK
Sabya Sachi Chatterjee, Sudhanwa Patra, Thomas Schwetz, Kiran Sharma
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04766 https://arxiv.or…

T versus CP effects in DUNE and T2HK
Time reversal (T) symmetry violations in neutrino oscillations imply the presence of an $L$-odd component in the transition probability at fixed neutrino energy, with $L$ denoting the distance between neutrino source and detector. Within the standard three-flavour framework, we show that the combination of the transition probabilities determined at the DUNE and T2HK experiments can establish the presence of an $L$-odd component, and therefore provide sensitivity to T violation, up to $4σ$ sign…

Hydrodynamic Effects in Cryogenic Buffer Gas Cells: Design Insights from Hybrid Simulations
Nick Vogeley, Bernd Bauerhenne, Daqing Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04364 https://…

Hydrodynamic Effects in Cryogenic Buffer Gas Cells: Design Insights from Hybrid Simulations
Cryogenic buffer gas beam sources have become an essential tool for experiments requiring cold molecular beams with low forward velocities. Although recent experimental advances have led to significant progress in source optimization, numerical studies remain limited due to the challenges posed by the large parameter ranges required to describe both the dense buffer gas and the dilute seed molecules. In this work, we report a numerical evaluation of cryogenic buffer gas beam cells operating in …

Preparation and measurement of an $\rm ^{37}$Ar source for liquid xenon detector calibration
Xu-Nan Guo, Chang Cai, Fei Gao, Yang Lei, Kai-Hang Li, Chun-Lei Su, Ze-Peng Wu, Xiang Xiao, Ling-Feng Xie, Yi-Fei Zhao, Xiao-Peng Zhou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04829

Preparation and measurement of an $\rm ^{37}$Ar source for liquid xenon detector calibration
We present the preparation and measurement of the radioactive isotope $\rm ^{37}Ar$, which was produced using thermal neutrons from a reactor, as a calibration source for liquid xenon time projection chambers. $\rm ^{37}Ar$ is a low-energy calibration source with a half-life of 35.01 days, making it suitable for calibration in the low-energy region of liquid xenon dark-matter experiments. Radioactive isotope $\rm ^{37}Ar$ was produced by irradiating $\rm ^{36}Ar$ with thermal neutrons. It was s…

What Drives Compositional Generalization in Visual Generative Models?
Karim Farid, Rajat Sahay, Yumna Ali Alnaggar, Simon Schrodi, Volker Fischer, Cordelia Schmid, Thomas Brox
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03075

What Drives Compositional Generalization in Visual Generative Models?
Compositional generalization, the ability to generate novel combinations of known concepts, is a key ingredient for visual generative models. Yet, not all mechanisms that enable or inhibit it are fully understood. In this work, we conduct a systematic study of how various design choices influence compositional generalization in image and video generation in a positive or negative way. Through controlled experiments, we identify two key factors: (i) whether the training objective operates on a d…

While AI hasn't yet led to new physics discoveries, the tech is proving powerful in the field, aiding in experiment design and spotting patterns in complex data (Anil Ananthaswamy/Quanta Magazine)
https://www.quantamagazine.org/ai-comes-up

AI Comes Up with Bizarre Physics Experiments. But They Work. | Quanta Magazine
Artificial intelligence software is designing novel experimental protocols that improve upon the work of human physicists, although the humans are still “doing a lot of baby-sitting.”

Probing lepton flavor violating dark matter scenarios via astrophysical photons and positrons
Jin-Han Liang, Yi Liao, Xiao-Dong Ma
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05121 https://

Probing lepton flavor violating dark matter scenarios via astrophysical photons and positrons
In this Letter we explore, for the first time, the constraints on lepton flavor violating (LFV) dark matter (DM) scenarios via the astrophysical photons and positrons, including both the annihilation and decay modes, ${\tt DM(+DM)}\to e^\pm μ^\mp, e^\pm τ^\mp, μ^\pm τ^\mp$. Given the presence of LFV interactions in various DM models and the challenge of probing such interactions at terrestrial facilities, such as DM direct detection and collider experiments, indirect detection offers a uniq…

Educational experiments with Particle Image Velocimetry in a small Prandtl water tunnel
William Thielicke, Steffen Risius
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02147 https://

Educational experiments with Particle Image Velocimetry in a small Prandtl water tunnel
A small water tunnel was designed as a table top experiment to visualize and measure basic fluid dynamic phenomena. The visualization of the flow by a laser light sheet and the measurement with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) proves to be very instructive for teaching high school and university students. Three basic fluid dynamic experiments are reported: the determination of the vortex shedding frequency of a cylinder (von-Karman vortex street), the measurement of circulation around a flat pl…

What is an "Abstract Reasoner"? Revisiting Experiments and Arguments about Large Language Models
Tian Yun, Chen Sun, Ellie Pavlick
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22457 htt…

What is an "Abstract Reasoner"? Revisiting Experiments and Arguments about Large Language Models
Recent work has argued that large language models (LLMs) are not "abstract reasoners", citing their poor zero-shot performance on a variety of challenging tasks as evidence. We revisit these experiments in order to add nuance to the claim. First, we show that while LLMs indeed perform poorly in a zero-shot setting, even tuning a small subset of parameters for input encoding can enable near-perfect performance. However, we also show that this finetuning does not necessarily transfer across datas…

Identifying Subgroup and Context Effects in Conjoint Experiments
Steven Wang, Isys Johnson, Jessica Grogan, Lalit Jain, Atri Rudra, Kyle Hunt, Kenneth Joseph
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02123

Identifying Subgroup and Context Effects in Conjoint Experiments
Conjoint experiments have become central to survey research in political science and related fields because they allow researchers to study preferences across multiple attributes simultaneously. Beyond estimating main effects, scholars increasingly analyze heterogeneity through subgroup analysis and contextual variables, raising methodological challenges in detecting and interpreting interaction effects. Statistical power constraints, common in survey experiments, further complicate this task. …

celegans_interactomes: C. elegans interactomes (2009)
Ten networks of protein-protein interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode), from yeast two-hybrid experiments, biological process maps, literature curation, orthologous interactions, and genetic interactions. The WI8 network combines WI2004, WI2007 and BPmaps, while the Integrated Network combines data from all sources.
This network has 2436 nodes and 136930 edges.
Tags: Biological, Protein interactions, Unweighte…

Theory uncertainties in predictions of strong-field QED
T. G. Blackburn
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03975 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.03975

Theory uncertainties in predictions of strong-field QED
Experiments using high-power lasers and relativistic electron beams will soon be capable of precision testing of the theory of strong-field quantum electrodynamics. The comparison between experiment and theory always occurs via numerical simulations, but the lack of quantitative uncertainty bounds for the latter means that the origin of any discrepancies cannot be identified conclusively. Here I present a simulation framework that can place meaningful bounds on the theory uncertainties inherent…

Improving Sensitivity in A/B Tests: Integrating CUPED with Trimmed Mean Techniques
Kevin Charette, Tristan Boudreault
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03468 https://

Improving Sensitivity in A/B Tests: Integrating CUPED with Trimmed Mean Techniques
Accurate estimation of treatment effects in online A/B testing is challenging with zero-inflated and skewed metrics. Traditional tests, like Welch's t-test, often lack sensitivity with heavy-tailed data due to their reliance on means, as opposed to e.g., percentiles. The Controlled Experiments Using Pre-experiment Data (CUPED) technique improves sensitivity by reducing variance, yet that variance reduction is insufficient for highly skewed metrics. Alternatively, Yuen's t-test uses trimmed mean…

Crosslisted article(s) found for hep-ph. https://arxiv.org/list/hep-ph/new
[1/1]:
- Atmospheric pion, kaon, and muon fluxes for sub-orbital experiments
Diksha Garg, Laksha Pradip Das, Mary Hall Reno

NeoPDF: A fast interpolation library for collinear and transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions
Tanjona R. Rabemananjara
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05079 https://

NeoPDF: A fast interpolation library for collinear and transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions
We present NeoPDF, an interpolation library that supports both collinear and transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions. NeoPDF is designed to be fast and reliable, with modern functionalities that target both current and future hadron collider experiments. It aims to address the shortcomings of existing interpolation libraries while providing additional features to support generic non-perturbative functions. Some of the features include a new interpolation based on Chebyshev p…