Tootfinder

Cosmic Strings in Multi-Step Symmetry Breaking
Akifumi Chitose, Masahiro Ibe, Satoshi Shirai, Yaxuan Wen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15194 https://

Cosmic Strings in Multi-Step Symmetry Breaking
We investigate cosmic strings arising from a hierarchical gauge symmetry breaking sequence, $\mathrm{SU}(2) \times \mathrm{U}(1) \rightarrow \mathrm{U}(1) \times \mathrm{U}(1) \rightarrow \mathrm{U}(1)' \rightarrow \text{Nothing}$. This pattern gives rise to two distinct classes of cosmic strings: light, stable strings formed at a later stage, and heavy, metastable strings originating from an earlier stage. Our focus is on the heavy strings, which may decay either before or after the final $\ma…

Cosmic curl -- Features and convergence of the vorticity power spectrum in $N$-body simulations
Camilla T. G. S{\o}rensen, Steen Hannestad, Thomas Tram
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15486

Cosmic curl -- Features and convergence of the vorticity power spectrum in $N$-body simulations
Observations of the cosmic velocity field could become an important cosmological probe in the near future. To take advantage of future velocity-flow surveys we must however have the theoretical predictions under control. In many respects, the velocity field is easier to simulate than the density field because it is less severely affected by small-scale clustering. Therefore, as we also show in this paper, a particle-mesh (PM) based simulation approach is usually sufficient, yielding results wit…

Studying the diffusion mechanism of cosmic-ray particles
Yawen Xiao, Jianfu Zhang, Siyao Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15031 https://…

Studying the diffusion mechanism of cosmic-ray particles
More and more observations have indicated the existence of slow diffusion phenomena in astrophysical environments, such as around the supernova remnants and pulsar $γ$-ray halos, where the diffusion coefficient of cosmic rays (CRs) near the source region is significantly smaller than that far away from the source region. The inhomogeneous diffusion indicates the existence of multiple diffusion mechanisms.Comparing the CR mirror diffusion with the scattering one, we aim to explore their diffusi…

Emergence of cosmic structure from Planckian discreteness
Gabriel R. Bengochea, Gabriel Leon, Alejandro Perez
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15413 https://

Emergence of cosmic structure from Planckian discreteness
In the standard inflationary paradigm the inhomogeneities observed in the CMB arise from quantum fluctuations of an initially homogeneous and isotropic vacuum state. This picture suffers from two well-known weaknesses. First, it assumes that quantum field theory remains valid at trans-Planckian scales, without modifications from quantum gravity. Second, it necessitates a quantum-to-classical transition in which fluctuations of a homogeneous quantum state become the classical inhomogeneities see…

ODIN: The LAE Ly{\alpha} Luminosity Function over Cosmic Time and Environmental Density
Gautam Nagaraj, Robin Ciardullo, Caryl Gronwall, Vandana Ramakrishnan, Kyoung-Soo Lee, Eric Gawiser, Nicole M. Firestone, Govind Ramgopal, J. Aguilar, Steven Ahlen, Davide Bianchi, David Brooks, Francisco Javier Castander, Todd Claybaugh, Andrei Cuceu, Axel de la Macorra, Arjun Dey, Biprateep Dey, Peter Doel, Jaime Forero-Romero, Enrique Gaztanaga, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, Gaston Gutierrez, Hiram K.…

ODIN: The LAE Lyα Luminosity Function over Cosmic Time and Environmental Density
The ubiquity and relative ease of discovery make $2\lesssim z\lesssim 5$ Ly$α$ emitting galaxies (LAEs) ideal tracers for cosmology. In addition, because Ly$α$ is a resonance line, but frequently observed at large equivalent width, it is potentially a probe of galaxy evolution. The LAE Ly$α$ luminosity function (LF) is an essential measurement for making progress on both of these aspects. Although several studies have computed the LAE LF, very few have delved into how the function varies wit…

The isotropy of cosmic expansion in the early and late Universe
Alan Junzhe Zhou, Scott Dodelson, Daniel Scolnic
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14878 https://

The isotropy of cosmic expansion in the early and late Universe
We test the isotropy of cosmic expansion by combining several probes for the first time, constructing full-sky maps of expansion rate variation using Type Ia supernovae, fundamental plane galaxies, and CMB temperature fluctuations. We find no hint of anisotropy or correlation between early- and late-Universe expansion across all systematic models. The 99% confidence upper limits on expansion rate anisotropy are 0.39% for low-redshift supernovae, 0.95% for high-redshift CMB, and 0.37% when combi…

Energy Spectrum and Mass Composition of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays Originating from Relativistic Jets of Nearby Radio Galaxies
Jeongbhin Seo (Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, UNIST, Korea, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, USA), Dongsu Ryu (Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, UNIST, Korea), Hyesung Kang (Department of Earth Sciences, Pusan National University, Korea)

Energy Spectrum and Mass Composition of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays Originating from Relativistic Jets of Nearby Radio Galaxies
Relativistic jets of radio galaxies (RGs) are possible sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Recent studies combining relativistic hydrodynamic simulations with Monte Carlo particle transport have demonstrated that UHECRs can be accelerated to energies beyond $10^{20}$ eV through shocks, turbulence, and relativistic shear in jet-induced flows of Fanaroff-Riley (FR) type RGs. The resulting time-asymptotic UHECR spectrum is well modeled by a double power law with an ``extended'' expo…

With the first #AAS246 presser "Cosmic Accelerators and Active Black Holes" came the papers https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/adb7e0 (Discovery of a Pulsar Wind Nebula Candidate Associated with the Galactic PeVatron 1LHAASO J0343 5254u) &
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2515-5172/adccb9 (Swift-XRT Observations and Upper Limits at Five LHAASO Galactic Sources) with the press release https://natsci.msu.edu/news/2025/2025-06-where-did-cosmic-rays-come-from.aspx, https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/adccc1 (Radial Profiles of Radio Halos in Massive Galaxy Clusters: Diffuse Giants Over 2 Mpc) etc. with the press release https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/record-breaking-cosmic-structure-discovered-colossal-galaxy-cluster and https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.09676 (Investigating the Emission Mechanism in the Spatially Resolved Jets of Two z ≈ 3 Radio-loud Quasars) with the press releases https://chandra.si.edu/photo/2025/j1610/ and https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasas-chandra-sees-surprisingly-strong-black-hole-jet-at-cosmic-noon/ and the abstract https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025AAS...24520421S/abstract (NIRCam imaging of NGC 4258).

Telescopes on the Andes glimpse elusive encounters fueled by the very first stars in the universe more than 13 billion years ago by detecting cosmic microwave light signals https://www.404media.co/humans-have-now-seen-the-dawn-of-time-from-ear…

Humans Have Now Seen the Dawn of Time from Earth After Breakthrough
Telescopes perched on the Andes Mountains glimpsed elusive encounters fueled by the first of the first stars in the universe more than 13 billion years ago.

Soft X-ray line emission from hot gas in intervening galaxy halos and diffuse gas in the cosmic web
Yuning Zhang, Dandan Xu, Chengzhe Li, Wei Cui
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15089 …

Soft X-ray line emission from hot gas in intervening galaxy halos and diffuse gas in the cosmic web
Cosmic hot gas emission is closely related to halo gas acquisition and galactic feedback processes. Their X-ray observations reveal important physical properties and movements of the baryonic cycle of galactic ecosystems. However, the measured emissions toward a target at a cosmological distance would always include contributions from hot gases along the entire line of sight to the target. Observationally, such contaminations are routinely subtracted via different strategies. In this work, we a…

One of the Universe’s Biggest Mysteries Has Been Solved, Scientists Say https://www.404media.co/one-of-the-universes-biggest-mysteries-has-been-solved-scientists-say/

Primordial Black Holes are 5D
Luis A. Anchordoqui, Alek Bedroya, Dieter L\"ust
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14874 https://arxiv.or…

Primordial Black Holes are 5D
We revisit well-established mechanisms for primordial black hole (PBH) production, namely inflation, phase transitions, and cosmic strings, in the context of the Dark Dimension Scenario, which is motivated by Swampland principles. Applying quantum gravity constraints, we demonstrate that any viable mechanism, barring exotic new physics at low energies, inevitably leads to the formation of five-dimensional PBHs. We further show that PBHs formed from cosmic strings can have lifetimes comparable t…

From FFB Starbursts at Cosmic Dawn to Quenching at Cosmic Morning: Hi-z Galaxy Bimodality
Avishai Dekel, Nir Mandelker, Zhaozhou Li, Zhiyuan Yao, Bocheng Zhu, Sharon Lapiner, Dhruba Dutta Chowdhury, Omri Ginzburg
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11664

From FFB Starbursts at Cosmic Dawn to Quenching at Cosmic Morning: Hi-z Galaxy Bimodality
We propose a mass-dependent bimodality in the early evolution of galaxies. The massive track connects the super-bright galaxies at cosmic dawn ($z>8$) to the super-massive quiescent galaxies and black holes (BHs) at cosmic morning ($z=4-7$). The dark-matter halos $>10^{10.5}M_\odot$ at $z=10$ are expected to undergo feedback-free starbursts (FFB) with high star-formation efficiency in dense star clusters within compact galaxies. The less massive halos avoid FFB and form stars gradually under st…

Propagation of Galactic cosmic rays: the influence of anisotropic diffusion
Ala'a AL-Zetoun
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13314 https://

Propagation of Galactic cosmic rays: the influence of anisotropic diffusion
We investigate the anisotropic diffusion of cosmic rays in the large-scale Galactic magnetic field, where diffusion occurs at different rates along and across the magnetic field lines. To model this process, we use stochastic differential equations to describe cosmic ray propagation and solve them numerically. The Galactic magnetic field is modeled using the Jansson-Farrar prescription. In this study, we focus on the impact of perpendicular diffusion on the residence time of cosmic rays in the …

Stochastic background of gravitational waves from cosmic-rays
Aur\'elien Barrau, Juan Garc\'ia-Bellido, Killian Martineau, Daryna Yushchenko
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13237

Stochastic background of gravitational waves from cosmic-rays
Cosmic-rays are charged particles moving in magnetic fields. They not only emit well-known synchrotron photons but also gravitational radiation. We clarify the characteristics of the gravitational wave signal in this specific situation and underline some unexpected features. A phenomenological approximation for the radiated power is given. We derive the shape and peaking frequency of the associated stochastic backgrounds of gravitational waves for both electrons and protons, either of galactic …

Late-Time Cosmic Acceleration from QCD Confinement Dynamics
Jonathan Rinc\'on, Humberto Mart\'inez-Huerta, Adolfo Huet, Alberto Hern\'andez-Almada, Miguel A. Garc\'ia-Aspeitia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13812

Late-Time Cosmic Acceleration from QCD Confinement Dynamics
We explore a phenomenological extension of the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model by introducing a coupling between the Polyakov loop potential and the Hubble parameter $H(t)$, inspired by the hypothesis that the QCD vacuum, particularly in the confined phase, may be sensitive to the large-scale dynamics of the universe. The coupling term, proportional to $(H(t)/H_0)^d f(Φ)$, vanishes in the deconfined regime and acts as a dynamical dark energy contribution at late times, without invokin…

I dreamt last night that I was in Glasgow for a concert and a massive power failure occurred. There was no electricity and all electronics were fried - radio, phones, internet, nothing working except some very old cars with no electronic systems.
We heard rumours that either the Earth had been hit by an EMP pulse from a cosmic event, or maybe this was more local and was caused by a weapon of some kind.
Police were out on horseback telling us to stay calm but had no info. /1

A Measurement of the Largest-scale #CMB E-mode Polarization with CLASS: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/adc723 -> Small telescopes in Chile are first on Earth to cut through the cosmic noise, peering back more than 13 billion years to the universe's first light: https://hub.jhu.edu/2025/06/11/telescopes-look-at-cosmic-dawn/

Unveiling the Cosmic Dance of Repeated Nuclear Transient ASASSN-14ko: Insights from Multiwavelength Observations
Shifeng Huang, Tinggui Wang, Ning Jiang, Rong-Feng Shen, Zhaohao Chen, Yuanming Wang, Jiazheng Zhu, Yibo Wang, Yunguo Jiang, Xinwen Shu, Hucheng Ding, Xiongjun Fang, Yifan Wang, Jie Lin, Jingran Xu, Xu Chen, Zheyu Lin, Zhengfeng Sheng
http…

Unveiling the Cosmic Dance of Repeated Nuclear Transient ASASSN-14ko: Insights from Multiwavelength Observations
ASASSN-14ko is a periodically repeating nuclear transient. We conducted high-cadence, multiwavelength observations of this source, revealing several recurrent early bumps and rebrightenings in its UV/optical light curves. The energy released during these bumps and rebrightenings shows a diminishing trend in recent UV/optical outbursts, which we monitored through multiwavelength observations. These features can be ascribed to the interaction between stream debris and the expanded disk in the rep…

Implications of DESI for Dark Matter & Cosmic Birefringence
Basabendu Barman, Sudhakantha Girmohanta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12589 https://

Implications of DESI for Dark Matter & Cosmic Birefringence
We explore an interacting dark matter (DM)-dark energy (DE) framework that naturally yields an effective dynamical DE equation of state crossing the phantom barrier at early times, as indicated by recent DESI data, while also accounting for the observed isotropic rotation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) linear polarization. Within this unified framework, we also explain the DM relic abundance without introducing additional fields or couplings. Depending on the DE potential, we identify…

In a laboratory setting, humans have accelerated particles — protons, antiprotons, electrons, and positrons — to incredibly high energies: up to the TeV (trillions of electron-volts) scale.

But cosmic rays, also including protons, electrons, and other atomic nuclei, are produced up to far greater energies, at the PeV (quadrillions of electron-volts) scale and beyond.

These very high energy cosmic rays are produced somewhere in our own galaxy:
in natural, astrophysical…

Astronomers close in on the source of the highest energy particles
On Earth, our particle accelerators can reach tera-electron-volt (TeV) energies. Particles from space are thousands of times as energetic.

Feature Intensity Mapping: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission from All Galaxies Across Cosmic Time
Yun-Ting Cheng, Brandon S. Hensley, Thomas S. -Y. Lai
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13863

Feature Intensity Mapping: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission from All Galaxies Across Cosmic Time
Line intensity mapping (LIM) is an emerging technique for probing the aggregate emission of a spectral line from all sources, without requiring individual detections. Through the wavelength-redshift relation, one can map the line-of-sight evolution of the line emission that traces the underlying large-scale structure in a spectral-imaging survey. In this work, we present a new technique -- feature intensity mapping -- as an extension of the LIM formalism to map broad spectral features in 3D, ra…

HeII emitters in the cosmic noon and beyond. Characterising the HeII {\lambda}1640 emission with MUSE and JWST/NIRSpec
R. Gonz'alez-D'iaz, J. M. V\'ilchez, C. Kehrig, I. del Moral-Castro, J. Iglesias-P\'aramo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11685

HeII emitters in the cosmic noon and beyond. Characterising the HeII λ1640 emission with MUSE and JWST/NIRSpec
The study of high-redshift galaxies provides critical insights into the early stages of cosmic evolution, particularly during the so-called 'cosmic noon', when star formation activity reached its peak. Within this context, the origin of the nebular emission remains an open question. In this work, we conduct a systematic, multi-wavelength investigation of a sample of z ~ 2-4 emitters from the MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field surveys, utilising both MUSE and JWST/NIRSpec data and extending the sample…

Not-quite-primordial black holes
Wenzer Qin, Soubhik Kumar, Priyamvada Natarajan, Neal Weiner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13858 https://

Not-quite-primordial black holes
We propose a new mechanism for the formation of seeds of supermassive black holes at early cosmic epochs. Enhanced density fluctuations with amplitudes that are not large enough to form primordial black holes post-inflation can still lead to collapsed dark matter halos at very early times. For halos forming prior to $1+z \approx 200$, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is energetic enough to suppress the formation of molecular hydrogen, hence preventing cooling and fragmentation, as a conseq…

Leading-order gravitational time delay of massive particles by a moving Schwarzschild lens
Guansheng He, Wenbin Lin, Yi Xie
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14184

Leading-order gravitational time delay of massive particles by a moving Schwarzschild lens
The leading-order gravitational time delay of relativistic neutral massive particles (e.g., neutrinos or high-energy cosmic-ray particles) caused by a moving Schwarzschild black hole with a constant radial velocity is investigated for the first time. On the basis of the equations of motion in the spacetime of the moving lens, we achieve a new unified formula for the travel times of relativistic massive and massless particles propagating from the source to the observer within the first post-Mink…

New tests of cosmic distance duality relation with DESI 2024 BAO observations
Qiumin Wang, Shuo Cao, Jianyong Jiang, Kaituo Zhang, Xinyue Jiang, Tonghua Liu, Chengsheng Mu, Dadian Cheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12759

New tests of cosmic distance duality relation with DESI 2024 BAO observations
In this paper, we test the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), as required by the Etherington reciprocity theorem, which connects the angular diameter distance and the luminosity distance via the relation \( D_{\rm L}(z) = D_{\rm A}(z)(1+z)^2 \). Our analysis is based on the latest baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements provided by the Dark Energy Survey (DES), the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS)/Extended BOSS (eBOSS), and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DE…

New long-period transient #LPT space object detected. It is the first one of which we know it is pulsing in both radio frequencies and X-ray bursts. Why? More research required. Still a fascinating object!
https://www.icrar.org/xray-tr…

Replaced article(s) found for gr-qc. https://arxiv.org/list/gr-qc/new
[1/1]:
- Cosmic Censorship near FLRW spacetimes with negative spatial curvature
David Fajman, Liam Urban

Response to cosmic muons of scintillator-SiPM assemblies measured at different temperatures
M. Chadeeva, A. Stifutkin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08203 http…

Response to cosmic muons of scintillator-SiPM assemblies measured at different temperatures
Highly segmented calorimeters represent a modern trend in experimental particle physics aimed at improving the energy resolution with the particle flow reconstruction. The widely used and cost-effective solution is the structure assembled from small scintillator elements readout by tiny photosensors. The improvement of signal to noise ratio can be achieved by operating at low temperatures. The paper presents studies of temperature dependence of response to muons for elements comprised of plasti…

🇺🇦 #NowPlaying on KEXP's #VarietyMix
DJ QBert:
🎵 Cosmic Assassins
#DJQBert

21 cm Signal from the Thermal Evolution of Lyman-$\alpha$ during Cosmic Dawn
Janakee Raste, Shiv K. Sethi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12827 https://

21 cm Signal from the Thermal Evolution of Lyman-$α$ during Cosmic Dawn
The Lyman-$α$ photons couple the spin temperature of neutral hydrogen (HI) to the kinetic temperature during the era of cosmic dawn. During this process, they also exchange energy with the medium, heating and cooling the HI. In addition, we expect X-ray photons to heat the mostly neutral gas during this era. We solve this coupled system (Lyman-$α$-HI system along with X-ray heating) for a period of 500 Myr (redshift range $8

I'm quite excited about niri. I had some issues getting screen sharing to work with teams and meet, but got that fixed with the help of the community. Steam had minor problems, but that was fixed by following the wiki. Now I have niri working, and I can't wait to daily drive it. Running on Pop!_OS COSMIC. That was a quick rabbit-hole I dove into 😅
#niri

A measurement of Galactic synchrotron emission using MWA drift scan observations
Suman Chatterjee, Shouvik Sarkar, Samir Choudhuri, Khandakar Md Asif Elahi, Somnath Bharadwaj, Shiv Sethi, Akash Kumar Patwa
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14310

A measurement of Galactic synchrotron emission using MWA drift scan observations
Studying the diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission (hereafter, DGSE) at arc-minute angular scale is important to remove the foregrounds for the cosmological 21-cm observations. Statistical measurements of the large-scale DGSE can also be used to constrain the magnetic field and the cosmic ray electron density of our Galaxy's interstellar medium (ISM). Here, we have used the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) drift scan observations at $154.2 \, {\rm MHz}$ to measure the angular power spectrum $({\…

Estimating Hubble Constant with Gravitational Observations: A Concise Review
Rosa Poggiani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15410 https://a…

Estimating Hubble Constant with Gravitational Observations: A Concise Review
The Hubble constant is of paramount importance in astrophysics and cosmology. A large number of methods have been developed with different electromagnetic probes to estimate its value. The most recent results show a tension between values obtained from Cosmic Microwave Background observations and supernovae. The simultaneous detection of gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation from GW170817 provided a direct estimation of the Hubble constant that did not depend on the astronomical dis…

#NowPlaying - aw, peaceful departures to cosmic traveler ariel kalma. i wrote notes for this anthology of his '70s recordings. a truly heady & wonder-filled sweetheart, like a french terry riley or something.

The near infrared airglow continuum conundrum. Constraints for ground-based faint object spectroscopy
J. K. M. Viuho (Cosmic Dawn Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155A, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark, Nordic Optical Telescope, Rambla Jose Ana Fernandez Perez 7, ES-38711 Brena Baja, Spain, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark), J. P. U. Fynbo (Cosmic Dawn Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155A, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark), M. I. Andersen (Cosmic Dawn Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155A, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark)
#toXiv_bot_toot

The Energy Spectrum of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays across Declinations $-90^\circ$ to $ 44.8^\circ$ as measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Collaboration, Halim, Abreu, Aglietta, Allekotte, Cheminant, Almela, Aloisio, Alvarez-Mu\~niz, Ambrosone, Yebra, Anastasi, Anchordoqui, Andrada, Dourado, Andringa, Apollonio, Aramo, Arnone, Vel\'azquez, Assis, Avila, Avocone, Bakalova, Barbato, Mocellin, Bellido, Berat, Bertaina, Bianciotto, Biermann, Binet, Bismark, Bister, Biteau, Blaze…

The Energy Spectrum of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays across Declinations $-90^\circ$ to $+44.8^\circ$ as measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory
The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5 EeV has been measured across the declination range $-90^\circ \leqδ\leq +44.8^\circ$ using data from $\sim 310{,}000$ events accrued at the Pierre Auger Observatory from an exposure of $(104{,}900\pm 3{,}100)$ km$^2\,$sr$\,$yr. No significant variations of energy spectra with declination are observed, after allowing or not for non-uniformities across the sky arising from the well-established dipolar anisotropies in the arrival directions of ultra-hi…

With the 5th #AAS246 presser come the paper https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07262 (ALMA-JELLY I: High Resolution CO(2-1) Observations of Ongoing Ram Pressure Stripping in NGC 4858 Reveal Asymmetrical Gas Tail Formation and Fallback), the press release https://news.arizona.edu/news/belly-beast-massive-clumps-reveal-star-factories-bygone-era-cosmos (In the belly of the beast: massive clumps reveal star factories from a bygone era of the cosmos) and the papers https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ada8a6 (UNCOVERing the Faint End of the z ∼ 7 [O iii] Luminosity Function with JWST's F410M Medium Bandpass Filter) with the press release https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-uncovers-galaxy-population-driving-cosmic-renovation/ and https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06198 (The "Dark-Matter Dominated" Galaxy Segue 1 Modeled with a Black Hole and no Dark Halo) with the press release https://www.utsa.edu/today/2025/06/story/researchers-offer-alternative-to-dark-matter-model.html

Probing Non-Thermal Processes in Stellar Flares on AU Mic
Adalyn Gibson, Adam F. Kowalski, Adina D. Feinstein
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10201 https://

Probing Non-Thermal Processes in Stellar Flares on AU Mic
The role of non-thermal proton energy transportation during solar and stellar flares is largely unknown; a better understanding of this physical process will allow us to rectify longstanding deficiencies in flare models. One way to detect the presence of non-thermal protons during flares is through the Orrall-Zirker (OZ) effect whereby an enhanced red wing appears in hydrogen emission lines (e.g., Lyman-$α$ at 1215.67 Angstrom). We analyze archival Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectro…

Gravitational Waves from Spectator Scalar Fields
Marcos A. G. Garcia, Sarunas Verner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12126 https://arxiv.o…

Gravitational Waves from Spectator Scalar Fields
We propose a novel mechanism for gravitational wave (GW) production sourced by spectator scalar fields during inflation. These fields, while not driving cosmic expansion, generate blue-tilted isocurvature fluctuations that naturally satisfy current CMB constraints at large scales while producing enhanced power spectra at smaller scales accessible to GW detectors. The resulting GW spectrum spans an exceptionally broad frequency range from $10^{-20}$ to $1$ Hz, with amplitudes ranging from $Ω_{\…

Self-consistent population synthesis of AGN from observational constraints in the X-rays
D. Gerolymatou, S. Paltani, C. Ricci, M. Regamey
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14885

Self-consistent population synthesis of AGN from observational constraints in the X-rays
The cosmic X-ray background (CXB) is produced by the emission of unresolved active galactic nuclei (AGN), thus providing key information about the properties of the primary and reprocessed X-ray emission components of the AGN population. Equally important, studies of individual sources provide additional constraints on the properties of AGN, such as their luminosity and obscuration. Until now, these constraints have not been self-consistently addressed by intrinsically linking emission, absorpt…

Study of Stability and Consistency of EAS Thermal Neutron Detection at ENDA-64
Heng-Yu Zhang, Xin-Hua Ma, Tian-Lu Chen, Shu-Wang Cui, Danzengluobu, Wei Gao, Wen-Chao Gao, Xin-Rui Gao, Zi-Ao Gong, Hai-Bing Hu, Denis Kuleshov, Kirill Kurinov, Bing-Bing Li, Fan-Ping Li, Jia-Heng Li, Yang Li, Hu Liu, Mao-Yuan Liu, Ye Liu, Xi-An Pan, Da-Yu Peng, Yao-Hui Qi, Dong Qu, Oleg Shchegolev, Yuri Stenkin, Tian-Shuang Yang, Li-Qiao Yin, Hui-Qian Zhang, Liang-Wei Zhang, Shi-Yuan Zhang

Study of Stability and Consistency of EAS Thermal Neutron Detection at ENDA-64
Introduction:Electron-Neutron Detector Array (ENDA) is designed to measure thermal neutrons produced by hadronic interactions between cosmic ray extensive air showers (EAS) and the surrounding environment as well as electrons around the cores of EAS. ENDA is located within Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). ENDA was expanded from an initial 16 detectors to 64 detectors in April 2023, so called ENDA-64, and has been running alongside LHAASO. The stability and consistency of neu…

HabSim: Architecture for modelling disruptions, propagation, detection and repair in deep space habitats
Luca Vaccino, Alana K. Lund, Shirley J. Dyke, Mohsen Azimi, Ethan Vallerga
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08903

HabSim: Architecture for modelling disruptions, propagation, detection and repair in deep space habitats
Establishing long-term human settlements in deep space presents significant challenges. Harsh environmental conditions, such as extreme temperature fluctuations, micrometeorite impacts, seismic activity, and exposure to solar and cosmic radiation pose obstacles to the design and operation of habitat systems. Prolonged mission duration and the vast distances from Earth introduce further complications in the form of delayed communication and limited resources, making autonomy especially desirable…

Well, that's more-or-less what I was saying, though obviously addition
is a little more cosmic than the bitwise operators.
-- Larry Wall in <199709051808.LAA01780@wall.org>

An Ultra-Faint, Chemically Primitive Galaxy Forming at the Epoch of Reionization
Kimihiko Nakajima, Masami Ouchi, Yuichi Harikane, Eros Vanzella, Yoshiaki Ono, Yuki Isobe, Moka Nishigaki, Takuji Tsujimoto, Fumitaka Nakamura, Yi Xu, Hiroya Umeda, Yechi Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11846…

An Ultra-Faint, Chemically Primitive Galaxy Forming at the Epoch of Reionization
The formation of the first stars and galaxies marked the onset of cosmic structure and chemical enrichment, yet direct observations of such primordial systems remain elusive. Here we present James Webb Space Telescope spectroscopic observations of LAP1-B, an ultra-faint galaxy at redshift z_{spec}=6.625 +/-0.001, corresponding to a cosmic age of 800 million years after the Big Bang, strongly magnified by gravitational lensing. LAP1-B exhibits a gas-phase oxygen abundance of (4.2 +/- 1.8) x 10^{…

Detection of pure warm-hot intergalactic medium emission from a $7.2$ Mpc long filament in the Shapley supercluster using X-ray spectroscopy
Konstantinos Migkas, Florian Pacaud, Toni Tuominen, Nabila Aghanim
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14917

Detection of pure warm-hot intergalactic medium emission from a $7.2$ Mpc long filament in the Shapley supercluster using X-ray spectroscopy
A significant fraction of the local Universe's baryonic content remains undetected. Cosmological simulations indicate that most of the missing baryons reside in cosmic filaments in the form of warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). The latter shows low surface brightness and soft X-ray emission, making it challenging to detect. Until now, X-ray WHIM emission has been detected only in very few individual filaments, whereas in even fewer filaments, WHIM has been spectroscopically analyzed. In this…

The presentations at the 2nd #AAS246 presser were about the papers https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/adc911 (Discovery of the Seven-ring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cyanocoronene (C24H11CN) in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1, also https://public.nrao.edu/news/cosmic-chemistry-breakthrough-largest-aromatic-molecule-found-in-deep-space/), https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05575 (A map of the outer gas disk of the Galaxy with direct distances from young stars, also https://www.uah.edu/news/items/uah-researcher-unveils-new-map-of-milky-way-galaxy-in-atomic-hydrogen-revealing-its-clumped-flocculent-nature-for-first-time) and https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/adbbd9 (Surveying the Giant H ii Regions of the Milky Way with SOFIA. VII. Galactic Center Regions Sgr B1, Sgr B2, and Sgr C, also https://www.seti.org/press-release/unusual-stellar-nurseries-near-our-galaxys-center-puzzle-scientists) plus two results with apparently neither papers nor press releases going with them.

Muochrony: Exploring Time and Frequency Applications of Cosmic Muons
G. Cerretto, E. Cantoni, M. Sellone, C. E. Calosso, I. Gnesi, H. K. M. Tanaka
https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24606

Muochrony: Exploring Time and Frequency Applications of Cosmic Muons
This study outlines the progress of a collaborative effort between INRIM and MUOGRAPHIX-The University of Tokyo, focusing on using muons from cosmic-ray-induced Extensive Air Showers (EAS) to synchronize atomic clocks and disseminate atomic time references. The approach, known as the Cosmic Time Synchronizer (CTS), proposed by the University of Tokyo, serves as the foundation for a new field of study called Muochrony. The paper details the CTS technology, underlying principles, and the prototyp…

Cosmic Hysteresis in $f(R)$ Gravity: A Thermodynamic Perspective on Cyclic Bouncing Universes
Aritra Sanyal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08109 https://

Cosmic Hysteresis in $f(R)$ Gravity: A Thermodynamic Perspective on Cyclic Bouncing Universes
We investigate the emergence of cosmic hysteresis in cyclic bouncing cosmologies within the framework of $f(R)$ modified gravity theories. Building upon previous studies that explored hysteresis phenomena in braneworld and Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, we analyze how scalar field dynamics coupled to a modified gravitational background generates asymmetric pressure evolution during expansion and contraction phases. This asymmetry manifests as a non-vanishing work integral over complete cosmic c…

Unveiling the small-scale web around galaxies with miniJPAS and DESI: the role of local connectivity in star formation
Daniela Gal\'arraga-Espinosa, Guinevere Kauffmann, Silvia Bonoli, Luisa Lucie-Smith, Rosa M. Gonz\'alez Delgado, Elmo Tempel, Raul Abramo, Siddharta Gurung-L\'opez, Valerio Marra, Jailson Alcaniz, Narciso Benitez, Saulo Carneiro, Javier Cenarro, David Crist\'obal-Hornillos, Renato Dupke, Alessandro Ederoclite, Antonio Hern\'an-Caballero, Carlos Hern…

Unveiling the small-scale web around galaxies with miniJPAS and DESI: the role of local connectivity in star formation
We present the first statistical observational study detecting small-scale filaments in the immediate surroundings of galaxies, i.e. the local web of galaxies. Simulations predict that cold gas, the fuel for star formation, is channeled through filamentary structures into galaxies. Yet, direct observational evidence for this process has been limited by the challenge of mapping the cosmic web at small scales. Using miniJPAS spectro-photometric data combined with spectroscopic DESI redshifts when…

slip inside last night's frow show, 3 hours of new music, global zones, jazz departures, cosmic arrivals, etc., via the @… archive. https://wfmu.org/playlists/JJ/250603

🇺🇦 #NowPlaying on KEXP's #JazzTheatre
The Cosmic Tones Research Trio:
🎵 The Offering
#TheCosmicTonesResearchTrio
https://mississippirecords.bandcamp.com/track/the-offering
https://open.spotify.com/track/2TwRZzXSJgSKebSGjxDKm1

The Cosmic Owl: Twin Active Collisional Ring Galaxies with Starburst Merging Front at $z=1.14$
Mingyu Li, Bjorn H. C. Emonts, Zheng Cai, Takumi S. Tanaka, Wilfried Mercier, Yunjing Wu, Fujiang Yu, Fengwu Sun, Fuyan Bian, Emanuele Daddi, Xiaohui Fan, Xiaojing Lin, Jianwei Lyu, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Francesco Valentino
https://arx…

The Cosmic Owl: Twin Active Collisional Ring Galaxies with Starburst Merging Front at $z=1.14$
Galaxy mergers play a critical role in driving galaxy evolution, especially by transforming galaxy morphology, redistributing the gas around galaxies, triggering AGN activity and star formation. We present the Cosmic Owl, a galaxy merger at $z=1.14$, identified in the COSMOS field. Deep imaging and spectroscopy from JWST, ALMA, and VLA reveal a complex system of twin collisional ring galaxies, exhibiting a nearly identical morphology. The grism spectra from the JWST COSMOS-3D program confirm th…

The Evolution Of Rotating Supermassive Pop III Stars On The Main Sequence
Devesh Nandal, Ga\"el Buldgen, Daniel J. Whalen, John Regan, Tyrone E. Woods, Jonathan C. Tan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08268

The Evolution Of Rotating Supermassive Pop III Stars On The Main Sequence
The detection of billion-solar-mass supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the first billion years of cosmic history challenges conventional theories of black hole formation and growth. Simultaneously, recent JWST observations revealing exceptionally high nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratios in galaxies at high redshifts raise critical questions about rapid chemical enrichment mechanisms operating in the early universe. Supermassive stars (SMSs) with masses of 1000 to 10000 M$_{\odot}$ are prom…

Calibrating baryonic effects in cosmic shear with external data in the LSST era
Amy Wayland, David Alonso, Matteo Zennaro
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11943 …

Calibrating baryonic effects in cosmic shear with external data in the LSST era
Cosmological constraints derived from weak lensing (WL) surveys are limited by baryonic effects, which suppress the non-linear matter power spectrum on small scales. By combining WL measurements with data from external tracers of the gas around massive structures, it is possible to calibrate baryonic effects and, therefore, obtain more precise cosmological constraints. In this study, we generate mock data for a Stage-IV weak lensing survey such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), X-r…

Logarithmic and Strong Coupling Models in Weyl-Type $f(Q,T)$ Gravity
Rahul Bhagat, S. K. Tripathy, B. Mishra
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13126 https://

Logarithmic and Strong Coupling Models in Weyl-Type $f(Q,T)$ Gravity
In this paper, we have explored the cosmological implications of Weyl-type $f(Q,T)$ gravity, a modified gravitational theory formulated from Weyl geometry. The nonmetricity scalar $Q$ is coupled to the trace $T$ of the energy-momentum tensor. We analyze two models based on the logarithmic and strong coupling form of the function $f(Q,T)$. The corresponding field equations are then solved numerically after reformulating the system in terms of redshift. We used combined dataset from Cosmic Chrono…

Search for Primordial Black Holes from the International Space Station with the SQM-ISS detector
Francesca Liberatori, Matteo Battisti, Marco Casolino, Laura Marcelli, Zbigniew Plebaniak, Enzo Reali
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10246

Search for Primordial Black Holes from the International Space Station with the SQM-ISS detector
In this paper we discuss the observational capabilities and sensitivity of the SQM-ISS detector to primordial black holes. The SQM-ISS experiment aims to detect slow, non relativistic massive particles within cosmic rays, using a detector on board the International Space Station. The device is designed to recognize the passage of highly penetrating and dense particles in a wide range of mass and charge states such as Strange Quark Matter (SQM). These particles, traveling at speeds typical of gr…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.18158 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_hepe…

New constraints on cosmic ray-boosted dark matter from the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment
While dual-phase xenon time projection chambers (TPCs) have driven the sensitivity towards weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) at the GeV/c^2 to TeV/c^2 mass scale, the scope for sub-GeV/c^2 dark matter particles is hindered by a limited nuclear recoil energy detection threshold. One approach to probe for lighter candidates is to consider cases where they have been boosted by collisions with cosmic rays in the Milky Way, such that the additional kinetic energy lifts their induced signa…

Convection Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays in Highly Magnetized Plasma
Yiran Zhang, Siming Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05923 https://a…

Convection Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays in Highly Magnetized Plasma
Recently, Zhang & Liu (2024) proposed a turbulent convection model for multiscale anisotropies of cosmic rays (CRs), with an assumption of isotropic diffusion such that the anisotropies are statistically isotropic. However, this assumption may be unrealistic for TeV CRs, whose observations have revealed the significance of the local interstellar background magnetic field. To meet the difficulty, the turbulent convection scenario needs to be extended to cover anisotropic diffusion. In this paper…

The Compton-thick AGN Population and the $N_{\rm H}$ Distribution of Low-mass AGN in our Cosmic Backyard
A. Annuar, D. M. Alexander, P. Gandhi, G. B. Lansbury, M. N. Rosli, D. Stern, D. Asmus, D. R. Ballantyne, M. Balokovi\'c, F. E. Bauer, P. G. Boorman, W. N. Brandt, M. Brightman, C. T. J. Chen, A. Del Moro, D. Farrah, F. A. Harrison, M. J. Koss, L. Lanz, S. Marchesi, P. Mohanadas, E. Nardini, C. Ricci, L. Zappacosta

The Compton-thick AGN Population and the $N_{\rm H}$ Distribution of Low-mass AGN in our Cosmic Backyard
We present a census of the Compton-thick (CT) active galactic nucleus (AGN) population and the column density ($N_{\rm{H}}$) distribution of AGN in our cosmic backyard using a mid-infrared selected AGN sample within 15 Mpc. The column densities are measured from broadband X-ray spectral analysis, mainly using data from $\textit{Chandra}$ and $\textit{NuSTAR}$. Our sample probes AGN with intrinsic 2-10 keV luminosities of $L_{\rm 2-10, int} = 10^{37}$-$10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$, reaching a parameter…

Reconstruction of dark energy and late-time cosmic expansion using the Weighted Function Regression method
Alex Gonz\'alez-Fuentes, Adri\`a G\'omez-Valent
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11758

Reconstruction of dark energy and late-time cosmic expansion using the Weighted Function Regression method
Recent data from multiple supernova catalogs and DESI, when combined with CMB, suggest a non-trivial evolution of dark energy (DE) at the $2.5-4σ$ CL. This evidence is typically quantified using the CPL parametrization of the DE equation-of-state parameter which corresponds to a first-order Taylor expansion around $a = 1$. However, this truncation is to some extent arbitrary and may bias our interpretation of the data, potentially leading us to mistake spurious features of the best-fit CPL mod…

Traces of the evolution of cosmic void galaxies: An Integral Field Spectroscopy based analysis
Agust\'in M. Rodr\'iguez-Medrano, Dante J. Paz, Dami\'an Mast, Federico A. Stasyszyn, Andr\'es N. Ruiz
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07783

Traces of the evolution of cosmic void galaxies: An Integral Field Spectroscopy based analysis
Galaxies in the most underdense regions of the Universe, known as cosmic voids, exhibit astrophysical properties that suggest a distinct evolutionary path compared to galaxies in denser environments. Numerical simulations indicate that the assembly of void galaxies occurs later, leading to galaxies with younger stellar populations, low metallicities, and a high gas content in their halos, which provides the fuel to sustain elevated star formation activity. Our objective in this work is to test …

Cosmic filaments confirm unexplained cooling of CMB photons in two independent redshift ranges
Juan Ignacio Dom\'inguez Feldman, Luis A. Pereyra, Frode K. Hansen, Facundo Toscano, Diego Garcia Lambas
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08833

Cosmic filaments confirm unexplained cooling of CMB photons in two independent redshift ranges
Recent papers have reported an unexplained cooling of CMB photons passing through galaxies in nearby cosmic filaments $z<0.02$ at the $>5σ$ level. Here we show for the first time that this effect is also present at higher redshifts $0.02

Constraints on Dark Energy Models Using Late Universe Probes
Shubham Barua, Shantanu Desai
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12709 https://a…

Constraints on Dark Energy Models Using Late Universe Probes
We use late Universe probes - Type Ia Supernovae from the PantheonPlus compilation, Quasars, and Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1 (DR1) BAO data - along with Cosmic Chronometers or Megamasers to constrain various dark energy parameterizations. These include the standard $Λ$CDM model ($w_0=-1,w_a=0$), as well as the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL), Barboza-Alcaniz (BA), Jassal-Bagla-Padmanabhan (JBP), Exponential (EXP), and Transitional Dark Energy (TDE) parameterizat…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05667 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays from ultra-fast outflows of active galactic nuclei
We investigate ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) in active galactic nuclei (AGN) as potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). We focus on cosmic-ray nuclei, an aspect not explored previously. These large-scale, mildly-relativistic outflows, characterised by velocities up to half the speed of light, are a common feature of AGN. We study the cosmic-ray spectrum and maximum energy attainable in these environments with 3D CRPropa simulations and apply our method to 86 observed UFOs. Iro…

ODIN - Star Formation Histories Reveal Formative #Starbursts Experienced by Lyα-emitting Galaxies at Cosmic Noon: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/adbf8c -> Looking Deeply Into the Universe’s Past, Scientists Detect Bursts of New Stars: https://www.rutgers.edu/news/looking-deeply-universes-past-scientists-detect-bursts-new-stars - prodigious star formation by special galaxies reveals the Milky Way’s origin story.

Semi-empirical constraints on the HI mass function of star-forming galaxies and $\Omega_{\rm HI}$ at $z\sim 0.37$ from interferometric surveys
Francesco Sinigaglia, Alessandro Bianchetti, Giulia Rodighiero, Lucio Mayer, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Ed Elson, Mattia Vaccari, Matt J. Jarvis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11280…

Semi-empirical constraints on the HI mass function of star-forming galaxies and $Ω_{\rm HI}$ at $z\sim 0.37$ from interferometric surveys
The HI mass function is a crucial tool to understand the evolution of the HI content in galaxies over cosmic times and to constrain both the baryon cycle in galaxy evolution and the reionization history of the Universe. We aim to derive semi-empirical constraints at $z\sim 0.37$ by combining literature results on the stellar mass function from optical surveys with recent findings on the $M_{\rm HI}-M_\star$ scaling relation derived via spectral stacking analysis applied to 21-cm line interferom…

Large-Scale-Structure Observables in General Relativity Validated at Second Order
Antoine Villey, Yonadav Barry Ginat, Vincent Desjacques, Donghui Jeong, Fabian Schmidt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11260

Large-Scale-Structure Observables in General Relativity Validated at Second Order
We present a second-order calculation of relativistic large-scale-structure observables in cosmological perturbation theory, specifically the "cosmic rulers and clock", which are the building-blocks of any other large-scale-structure observable, including galaxy number counts, on large scales. We calculate the scalar rulers (longitudinal perturbation and magnification) and the cosmic clock to second order, using a fully non-linear covariant definition of the observables. We validate our formula…

Event-by-event reconstruction of air-shower events with IceCube using a two component lateral distribution function
Mark Weyrauch (for the IceCube Collaboration)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11507

Event-by-event reconstruction of air-shower events with IceCube using a two component lateral distribution function
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, located at the geographic South Pole, comprises a surface component, IceTop, and an optical in-ice array. This unique com\-bi\-na\-tion allows for coincident measurements of low-energy ($\sim \rm{GeV}$) and high-energy ($\gtrsim 400\,\rm{GeV}$) muons produced in cosmic-ray air showers. The ratio of the low- and high-energy muon yields can constitute a useful tool not only for composition analyses but also for testing different hadronic interaction models. Howev…

Topological defects as effective dynamical dark energy
Haipeng An, Chengcheng Han, Borui Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10075 https://

Topological defects as effective dynamical dark energy
In this work, we consider the possibility that the dynamical dark energy hinted at by recent DESI data may be mimicked by the effects of additional components in the universe, potentially arising from topological defects. We find that the data does not show a particular preference for the existence of cosmic strings. However, a domain wall contribution at the percent level can improve the fit, yielding a $Δχ^2= -1.72$ compared to the $Λ\rm{CDM}$ model. The improvement indicates that topologi…

SKA-Low simulations for a cosmic dawn/epoch of reionisation deep field
Anna Bonaldi, Philippa Hartley, Simon Purser, Omkar Bait, Eunseong Lee, Robert Braun, Florent Mertens, Andrea Bracco, Wendy Williams, Cath Trott
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09533

SKA-Low simulations for a cosmic dawn/epoch of reionisation deep field
We present a realistic simulation of an SKA-Low cosmic dawn/epoch of reionisation (CD/EoR) observation, which can be used to further the development of foreground-mitigation approaches. The simulation corresponds to a deep (1000 h) integration pointing over the 106 MHz-196 MHz frequency range. The sky components include the CD/EoR signal, extragalactic foreground emission featuring strong (over 5 Jy at 150 MHz) out-of-field sources and in-field sources down to 1 microJy at 150 MHz, and Galactic…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.15680 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Spatial dependence of the break in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays in the new anisotropic diffusion approach
At present, there is no consensus on whether the spectral break in the cosmic ray flux of all elements around 4 PeV is a general characteristic of the Milky Way or is determined by a combination of factors that significantly affect the energy position of the knee. We argue that considering the anisotropic propagation of cosmic rays within a realistically modeled Galactic magnetic field enables an accurate description of the spectral break without invoking a source-related cutoff energy, and nat…

Detectability of massive binary black holes with sub-mHz gravitational wave missions
Renjie Wang, Yumeng Xu, Gang Wang, Bin Hu, Rong-Gen Cai
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10768

Detectability of massive binary black holes with sub-mHz gravitational wave missions
Beyond LISA, proposed space-based gravitational wave (GW) missions aim to explore the sub-millihertz to microhertz frequency band, with one key objective being the detection of massive binary black hole (MBBH) mergers across cosmic distances. In this work, we investigate the detection and localization capabilities of future sub-mHz GW observatories for MBBH coalescences. Including the full galactic foreground noise, we find that signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) can reach several thousand across a …

Cosmic ray and plasma coupling for isothermal supersonic turbulence in the magnetized interstellar medium
Matt L. Sampson, James R. Beattie, Romain Teyssier, Philipp Kempski, Eric R. Moseley, Beno\^it Commer\c{c}on, Yohan Dubois, Joakim Rosdahl
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03768

Cosmic ray and plasma coupling for isothermal supersonic turbulence in the magnetized interstellar medium
Cosmic rays (CRs) are an integral part of the non-thermal pressure budget in the interstellar medium (ISM) and are the leading-order ionization mechanism in cold molecular clouds. We study the impacts that different microphysical CR diffusion coefficients and streaming speeds have on the evolution of isothermal, magnetized, turbulent plasmas, relevant to the cold ISM. We utilized a two-moment CR magnetohydrodynamic (CRMHD) model, allowing us to dynamically evolve both CR energy and flux densiti…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04333 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Uncalibrated Cosmic Standards as a Robust Test on Late-Time Cosmological Models
We present a minimally model-dependent framework for testing late-time cosmological models using Uncalibrated Cosmic Standards (UCS), including standard rulers and standard candles, without relying on absolute calibrations. The method exploits a tight, model-insensitive correlation between the sound horizons at recombination and the drag epoch. By avoiding dependence on pre-recombination physics and the amplitude of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) power spectra, the UCS framework reduces …

Bayesian and frequentist perspectives agree on dynamical dark energy
Laura Herold, Tanvi Karwal
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12004 https://

Bayesian and frequentist perspectives agree on dynamical dark energy
Baryon acoustic oscillation data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) show evidence of a deviation from a cosmological constant $Λ$ within a Bayesian analysis. In this work, we validate that frequentist constraints from profile likelihoods on the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder parameters $w_0$, $w_a$ are in excellent agreement with the Bayesian constraints when combining with Planck cosmic microwave background, Planck and Atacama Cosmology Telescope lensing, and either Pantheon+ or…

Uncalibrated Cosmic Standards as a Robust Test on Late-Time Cosmological Models
Yihao Wang, Weikang Lin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04333 https://

Uncalibrated Cosmic Standards as a Robust Test on Late-Time Cosmological Models
We present a minimally model-dependent framework for testing late-time cosmological models using Uncalibrated Cosmic Standards (UCS), including standard rulers and standard candles, without relying on absolute calibrations. The method exploits a tight, model-insensitive correlation between the sound horizons at recombination and the drag epoch. By avoiding dependence on pre-recombination physics and the amplitude of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) power spectra, the UCS framework reduces …

Enhancing air-shower observations: Results from an IceCube Surface Array Prototype Station
Megha Venugopal (for the IceCube Collaboration)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09806

Enhancing air-shower observations: Results from an IceCube Surface Array Prototype Station
The Surface Array Enhancement of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is set to equip the existing surface cosmic-ray array of ice-Cherenkov detectors, IceTop, with radio antennas and scintillation detectors. This can lower the energy threshold of detection and increase the measurement accuracy of IceTop. The antenna readout uses a multiplicity trigger from the scintillation detectors. A fully functioning prototype station of the enhancement was deployed at the South Pole in 2020 and upgraded in 20…

Anisotropic quantum polytropes
Hermano Velten, Felipe S. Esc\'orcio, Nadson J. S. Trindade
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08135 https://

Anisotropic quantum polytropes
The structure of astrophysical objects is usually modeled under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. However, actual configurations may deviate from perfect spherical or isotropic properties. Consequently, cosmic objects are expected to exhibit some degree of anisotropy. This consideration also extends to hypothetical dark structures, such as dark stars and dark matter halos. Although the nature of dark matter remains unknown, axion-like particles (ALPs) are strong candidates, suggesting …

Patchy Helium and Hydrogen Reionization from the Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Galaxies
Neha Anil Kumar, Mesut \c{C}al{\i}\c{s}kan, Selim C. Hotinli, Marc Kamionkowski, Simone Ferraro, Kendrick Smith
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11188

Patchy Helium and Hydrogen Reionization from the Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Galaxies
Upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments will measure temperature fluctuations on small angular scales with unprecedented precision, enabling improved measurements of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect. This secondary anisotropy has emerged as a valuable probe of the distribution of ionized electrons in the post-recombination Universe. Although the sensitivity of the kSZ effect has recently been utilized to study the high-redshift epoch of hydrogen (H) reionization, its r…

Average Power-Density Spectrum of short and long Fermi-GBM Gamma-Ray Bursts
Else Magnus, Jannes Loonen, Rose S. Stanley, Paul Coppin, Krijn D. de Vries, Nick van Eijndhoven
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09610

Average Power-Density Spectrum of short and long Fermi-GBM Gamma-Ray Bursts
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful electromagnetic outbursts in the Universe and emit a vast amount of their energy in the form of gamma rays. Their duration is extremely short on cosmic timescales, but they show a wealth of time variability in their light curves. Properties of this variability may carry information about the processes the gamma rays emerge from, which are still poorly understood. This research investigates the redshift-corrected gamma-ray light curves of 159 long GR…

Vacuum Homogeneous and Nonhomogeneous Metrics with Conventional and Quantized Metric Tensor: Singular or Nonsingular Solution
A. Tawfik (Egyptian Ctr. Theor. Phys., Cairo,Future U. in Egypt), S. G. Elgendi (Islamic U. in Madinah), M. Hanafy (Benha U.)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08254

Vacuum Homogeneous and Nonhomogeneous Metrics with Conventional and Quantized Metric Tensor: Singular or Nonsingular Solution
To investigate whether the Universe underwent a singularity or maintained a nonsingular state, we carry out analytical and numerical analyses of the evolution of the Raychaudhuri equations in vacuum, alongside homogeneous and nonhomogeneous cosmic backgrounds. The results obtained from the Schwarzschild, Friedmann--Lemaitre--Robertson--Walker (FLRW), and Einstein--Gilbert--Straus (EGS) metrics are systematically compared. Analyzing the results from both, conventional and quantized metric tensor…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04119 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Exploring over 700 massive quiescent galaxies at z = 2-7: Demographics and stellar mass functions
High-redshift ($z>2$) massive quiescent galaxies are crucial tests of early galaxy formation and evolutionary mechanisms through their cosmic number densities and stellar mass functions (SMFs). We explore a sample of 745 massive ($\rm M_*> 10^{9.5}M_\odot$) quiescent galaxies from $z=2-7$ in over 800 arcmin$^2$ of NIRCam imaging from a compilation of public JWST fields (with a total area $>$ 5 $\times$ previous JWST studies). We compute and report their cosmic number densities, stellar mass fun…

Replaced article(s) found for astro-ph.HE. https://arxiv.org/list/astro-ph.HE/new/
[1/1]:
The Cosmic Evolution of Fast Radio Bursts Inferred from the CHIME/FRB Baseband Catalog 1

Learning Correlated Astrophysical Foregrounds with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models
Karthik Prabhu, Srinivasan Raghunathan, Ethan B. Anderes, Lloyd E. Knox
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09036

Learning Correlated Astrophysical Foregrounds with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models
Extragalactic foregrounds -- most notably the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect -- exhibit complex, non-Gaussian structure and correlations that can bias analyses of small-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies. These foregrounds can introduce mode coupling at small-scales (multipoles $\ell \geq 3000$) that mimic true lensing signals, thereby complicating analyses such as CMB lensing reconstruction. We present a novel appr…

Mass inflation from rough initial data for the spherically symmetric Einstein-Maxwell-scalar field system with $\Lambda$
Flavio Rossetti
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08075

Mass inflation from rough initial data for the spherically symmetric Einstein-Maxwell-scalar field system with $Λ$
Recent rigorous results on black hole interiors clearly suggest that the strong cosmic censorship conjecture fails in its most fundamental, i.e. weak, formulation: violations are expected for a class of spherically symmetric charged black holes in the presence of a positive cosmological constant near extremality. These results require sufficiently regular solutions. Conversely, when non-smooth, finite-energy initial data are prescribed for linear waves propagating on a fixed black hole backgrou…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12613 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Study of the IC 443 region with the HAWC observatory
Supernova remnants are one potential source class considered a PeVatron (i.e. capable of accelerating cosmic rays above PeV energies). The shock fronts produced after the explosion of the supernova are ideal regions for particle acceleration. IC 443 is a supernova remnant that has been studied extensively at different wavelengths. Using 2966 days of gamma-ray data from the HAWC observatory, we study the emission of IC 443 with the objective of finding signatures of cosmic-ray acceleration at th…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.00909 has been replaced.
link: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=a

Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) Science: Resolving the Hot and Ionized Universe through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect
An omnipresent feature of the multi-phase ``cosmic web'' is that warm/hot (>$10^5$ K) ionized gas pervades it. This gas constitutes a relevant contribution to the overall universal matter budget across multiple scales, from the several tens of Mpc-scale IGM filaments, to the Mpc ICM, all the way down to the CGM surrounding individual galaxies from ~1 kpc up to their respective virial radii (~100 kpc). The study of the hot baryonic component of cosmic matter density represents a powerful means f…

Exploring over 700 massive quiescent galaxies at z = 2-7: Demographics and stellar mass functions
William M. Baker, Francesco Valentino, Claudia del P. Lagos, Kei Ito, Christian Kragh Jespersen, Rashmi Gottumukkala, Jens Hjorth, Danial Langeroodi, Aidan Sedgewick
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04119

Exploring over 700 massive quiescent galaxies at z = 2-7: Demographics and stellar mass functions
High-redshift ($z>2$) massive quiescent galaxies are crucial tests of early galaxy formation and evolutionary mechanisms through their cosmic number densities and stellar mass functions (SMFs). We explore a sample of 745 massive ($\rm M_*> 10^{9.5}M_\odot$) quiescent galaxies from $z=2-7$ in over 800 arcmin$^2$ of NIRCam imaging from a compilation of public JWST fields (with a total area $>$ 5 $\times$ previous JWST studies). We compute and report their cosmic number densities, stellar mass fun…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14609 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Resolving the S8 tension with the Lambda Prime ($Λ'$) model
The $S_8$ parameter, which quantifies the amplitude of matter fluctuations on scales of $8h^{-1}$ Mpc, has been a source of tension between weak lensing surveys (e.g. KiDS, DES, HSC) and the Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements. This discrepancy challenges the standard $Λ$CDM model and has become one of the most significant tensions in modern cosmology. The ${Λ'}$ model offers a potential resolution by introducing modifications to the cosmic growth history through alterations…

Using gravitational waves and multi-messenger Astronomy to reverse-engineer the properties of galactic nuclei
K. E. Saavik Ford, Barry McKernan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08801

Using gravitational waves and multi-messenger Astronomy to reverse-engineer the properties of galactic nuclei
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are powered by accretion disks onto supermassive black holes in the the centers of galaxies. AGN are believed to play important roles in the evolution of both supermassive black holes and their host galaxies over cosmic time. AGN and the nuclear star clusters (NSCs) that interact with them remain unresolved with present and planned telescopes. As a result, the properties of AGN and NSCs are highly uncertain. Here we review how binary black hole (BBH) mergers can occ…

Probing Cosmic Curvature with Fast Radio Bursts and DESI DR2
J\'eferson A. S. Fortunato, Wiliam S. Hip\'olito-Ricaldi, Gustavo E. Romero
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01504

Probing Cosmic Curvature with Fast Radio Bursts and DESI DR2
The spatial curvature of the Universe remains a central question in modern cosmology. In this work, we explore the potential of localized Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) as a novel tool to constrain the cosmic curvature parameter $Ω_k$ in a cosmological model-independent way. Using a sample of 80 FRBs with known redshifts and dispersion measures, we reconstruct the Hubble parameter $H(z)$ via artificial neural networks, which is then used to obtain angular diameter distances $D_A(z)$ through two comp…

Differentiable Fuzzy Cosmic-Web for Field Level Inference
P. Rossell\'o, F. -S. Kitaura, D. Forero-S\'anchez, F. Sinigaglia, G. Favole
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03969

Differentiable Fuzzy Cosmic-Web for Field Level Inference
A comprehensive analysis of the cosmological large-scale structure derived from galaxy surveys involves field-level inference, which requires a forward modelling framework that simultaneously accounts for structure formation and tracer bias. While structure formation models are well-understood, the development of an effective field-level bias model remains imprecise, particularly in the context of tracer perturbation theory within Bayesian reconstruction methods, which we address in this work. …

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.08718 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Pixelization effects in cosmic shear angular power spectra
We conduct a comprehensive study into the impact of pixelization on cosmic shear, uncovering several sources of bias in standard pseudo-$C_\ell$ estimators based on discrete catalogues. We derive models that can bring residual biases to the percent level on small scales. We elucidate the impact of aliasing and the varying shape of HEALPix pixels on power spectra and show how the HEALPix pixel window function approximation is made in the discrete spin-2 setting. We propose several improvements t…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21369 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Constraints on AvERA Cosmologies from Cosmic Chronometers and Type Ia Supernovae
We constrain AvERA cosmologies in comparison with the flat $Λ$CDM model using cosmic chronometer (CC) data and the Pantheon+ sample of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The analysis includes fits to both CC and SN datasets using the \texttt{dynesty} dynamic nested sampling algorithm. For model comparison, we use the Bayesian model evidences and Anderson-Darling tests applied to the normalized residuals to assess consistency with a standard normal distribution. Best-fit parameters are derived within…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21509 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Enhancing Cosmological Constraints by Two-dimensional $β$-cosmic-web Weighted Angular Correlation Functions
In this study, we investigate the potential of mark-weighted angular correlation functions (MACFs), which integrate $β$-cosmic-web classification with angular correlation function analysis to improve cosmological constraints. Using SDSS DR12 CMASS-NGC galaxies and mock catalogs with $Ω_m$ varying from 0.25 to 0.40, we assess the discriminative power of different statistics via the average improvement in chi-squared, $Δ\overline{χ^2}$, across six redshift bins. This metric quantifies how eff…

A Correlation Between FRB Dispersion Measure and Foreground Large-Scale Structure
Maryam Hussaini, Liam Connor, Ralf M. Konietzka, Vikram Ravi, Jakob Faber, Kritti Sharma, Myles Sherman
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04186

A Correlation Between FRB Dispersion Measure and Foreground Large-Scale Structure
The distribution of baryons in the Universe remains a fundamental open question in astronomy, and the dispersion measure (DM) of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) serves as a valuable tool for probing this cosmic gas. We investigate the impact of the foreground cosmic web on FRB DMs using 61 localized FRBs and public galaxy catalogs. We test for the large-scale structure's impact on cosmological DM using two methods. First, we searched for a correlation between galaxy number density along the line of si…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.07661 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_…

Constraints on Bianchi-I type universe with SH0ES anchored Pantheon+ SNIa data
We study the Bianchi-I cosmological model motivated by signals of statistical isotropy violation seen in cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations and others. To that end, we consider various kinds of anisotropic matter that source anisotropy in our model, specifically Cosmic strings, Magnetic fields, Domain walls and Lorentz violation generated magnetic fields. These anisotropic matter sources, taking one at a time, are studied for their co-evolution with standard model (isotropic) source…

A Bayesian PINN Framework for Barrow-Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy with Neutrinos: Toward a Resolution of the Hubble Tension
Muhammad Yarahmadi, Amin Salehi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02235

A Bayesian PINN Framework for Barrow-Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy with Neutrinos: Toward a Resolution of the Hubble Tension
We investigate the Barrow-Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy (BTHDE) model using both traditional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods and a Bayesian Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) framework, employing a range of cosmological observations. Our analysis incorporates data from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), CMB lensing, Cosmic Chronometers (CC), and the Pantheon+ Type Ia supernova compilation. We focus on constraining the Hubble constant $ H_0 $, th…

Computing Nonlinear Power Spectra Across Dynamical Dark Energy Model Space with Neural ODEs
Peter L. Taylor
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09128 https://

Computing Nonlinear Power Spectra Across Dynamical Dark Energy Model Space with Neural ODEs
I show how to compute the nonlinear power spectrum across the entire $w(z)$ dynamical dark energy model space. Using synthetic $Λ$CDM data, I train a neural ordinary differential equation (ODE) to infer the evolution of the nonlinear matter power spectrum as a function of the background expansion and mean matter density across $\sim$$9 {\rm \ Gyr}$ of cosmic evolution. After training, the model generalises to {\it any} dynamical dark energy model parameterised by $w(z)$. With little optimisati…