Tootfinder

GALA: Can Graph-Augmented Large Language Model Agentic Workflows Elevate Root Cause Analysis?
Yifang Tian, Yaming Liu, Zichun Chong, Zihang Huang, Hans-Arno Jacobsen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12472

GALA: Can Graph-Augmented Large Language Model Agentic Workflows Elevate Root Cause Analysis?
Root cause analysis (RCA) in microservice systems is challenging, requiring on-call engineers to rapidly diagnose failures across heterogeneous telemetry such as metrics, logs, and traces. Traditional RCA methods often focus on single modalities or merely rank suspect services, falling short of providing actionable diagnostic insights with remediation guidance. This paper introduces GALA, a novel multi-modal framework that combines statistical causal inference with LLM-driven iterative reasonin…

High-root topological edge-state bands
R. G. Dias, L. Madail, A. M. Marques
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12066 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.12066

High-root topological edge-state bands
This paper presents a complex band analysis of one-dimensional (1D) square and high-root topological insulators (HRTIs). We show that edge-state bands of HRTIs are sliced sections of impurity bands of a uniform tight-binding chain. A simplified topological characterization of HRTIs with generalized boundary conditions is carried out based on the existence of edge-state bands in the infinite HRTI and the restrictions imposed by the boundary conditions. Edge states in finite or semi-infinite 1D H…

Normalized Square Root: Sharper Matrix Factorization Bounds for Differentially Private Continual Counting
Monika Henzinger, Nikita P. Kalinin, Jalaj Upadhyay
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14334

Normalized Square Root: Sharper Matrix Factorization Bounds for Differentially Private Continual Counting
The factorization norms of the lower-triangular all-ones $n \times n$ matrix, $γ_2(M_{count})$ and $γ_{F}(M_{count})$, play a central role in differential privacy as they are used to give theoretical justification of the accuracy of the only known production-level private training algorithm of deep neural networks by Google. Prior to this work, the best known upper bound on $γ_2(M_{count})$ was $1 + \frac{\log n}π$ by Mathias (Linear Algebra and Applications, 1993), and the best known lower…

Qrisp Implementation and Resource Analysis of a T-Count-Optimised Non-Restoring Quantum Square-Root Circuit
Heorhi Kupryianau, Marcin Niemiec
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12603

Qrisp Implementation and Resource Analysis of a T-Count-Optimised Non-Restoring Quantum Square-Root Circuit
Efficient quantum arithmetic operations are essential building blocks for complex quantum algorithms, yet few theoretical designs have been implemented in practical quantum programming frameworks. This paper presents the first complete implementation of the T-count optimized non-restoring quantum square root algorithm using the Qrisp quantum programming framework. The algorithm, originally proposed by Thapliyal et al., offers better resource efficiency compared to alternative methods, achieving…

Putin: "The root cause of the war in Ukraine must first be removed."
Putin is the root cause.

Sometimes you want to check how other distributions are packaging something, so you could do it consistently in #Gentoo. The problem is, which distros to check?
At a first thought, you'd start with the few "root" distros. But then, you start asking yourself: does Ubuntu do the same thing as Debian, or does it do its own thing? Is openSUSE like Fedora here, or is it different? Does Exherbo use the Gentoo package, or does it have its own?

We are NOT AMUSED.
If you're hosted by Aceville, you're dead to me.
#Sysadminnery #SpamAssassin #AIBots

Root Cause Analysis of Hydrogen Bond Separation in Spatio-Temporal Molecular Dynamics using Causal Models
Rahmat K. Adesunkanmi, Ashfaq Khokhar, Goce Trajcevski, Sohail Murad
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12500

Root Cause Analysis of Hydrogen Bond Separation in Spatio-Temporal Molecular Dynamics using Causal Models
Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) face challenges, including resource-heavy computations and the need to manually scan outputs to detect "interesting events," such as the formation and persistence of hydrogen bonds between atoms of different molecules. A critical research gap lies in identifying the underlying causes of hydrogen bond formation and separation -understanding which interactions or prior events contribute to their emergence over time. With this challenge in mind, we propose leve…

Research on fault diagnosis and root cause analysis based on full stack observability
Jian Hou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12231 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.…

Research on fault diagnosis and root cause analysis based on full stack observability
With the rapid development of cloud computing and ultra-large-scale data centers, the scale and complexity of systems have increased significantly, leading to frequent faults that often show cascading propagation. How to achieve efficient, accurate, and interpretable Root Cause Analysis (RCA) based on observability data (metrics, logs, traces) has become a core issue in AIOps. This paper reviews two mainstream research threads in top conferences and journals over the past five years: FaultInsig…

$T\bar{T}$ and root-$T\bar{T}$ deformations in four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory
Jun-ichi Sakamoto, Roberto Tateo, Masahito Yamazaki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12303 https://…

$T\bar{T}$ and root-$T\bar{T}$ deformations in four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory
The four-dimensional Chern-Simons (CS) theory provides a systematic procedure for realizing two-dimensional integrable field theories. It is therefore a natural question to ask whether integrable deformations of the theories can be realized in the four-dimensional CS theory. In this work, we study $T\bar{T}$ and root-$T\bar{T}$ deformations of two-dimensional integrable field theories, formulated in terms of dynamical coordinate transformations, within the framework of four-dimensional CS theor…

“Specifically, InfoFlood: (1) uses linguistic transformations to rephrase malicious queries, (2) identifies the root cause of failure when an attempt is unsuccessful, and (3) refines the prompt’s linguistic structure to address the failure while preserving its malicious intent.”
#LLM #AI

2025 NFL season: One player to root for from each NFC team https://www.nfl.com/news/2025-nfl-season-one-player-to-root-for-from-each-nfc-team

On balancing and Lucas-balancing numbers expressible as product of two $k$-Fibonacci numbers
Bibhu Prasad Tripathy, Bijan Kumar Patel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12238 https://…

On balancing and Lucas-balancing numbers expressible as product of two $k$-Fibonacci numbers
A positive integer $n$ is called a balancing number if there exists a positive integer $r$ such that $1 + 2 + \cdots + (n-1) = (n+1) + (n+2) + \cdots + (n+r)$. The corresponding value $r$ is known as the balancer of $n$. If $n$ is a balancing number, then $8n^{2}+1$ is a perfect square, and its positive square root is called a Lucas-balancing number. For any integer $k \geq 2$, let $\{F_{n}^{(k)} \}_{n \geq -(k-2)}$ denote $k$-generalized Fibonacci sequence which starts with $0, \dots ,1$($k$ t…

Shannon entropy for harmonic metrics on cyclic Higgs bundles II
Natsuo Miyatake
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12844 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.12844

Shannon entropy for harmonic metrics on cyclic Higgs bundles II
Let $X$ be a Riemann surface and $K_X \rightarrow X$ the canonical bundle. For each integer $r \geq 2$, each $q \in H^0(K_X^r)$, and each choice of the square root $K_X^{1/2}$ of the canonical bundle, we obtain a Higgs bundle, which is called a cyclic Higgs bundle. A diagonal harmonic metric $h = (h_1, \dots, h_r)$ on a cyclic Higgs bundle yields $r-1$-Hermitian metrics $H_1, \dots, H_{r-1}$ on $K_X^{-1} \rightarrow X$, while $h_1$, $h_r$, and $q$ yield a degenerate Hermitian metric $H_r$ on $K…

Echt jetzt? Ab Android 14 lassen sich (selbst mit root-Rechten) anscheinend keine systemweiten TLS-Root-Zertifikate mehr installieren o.O Als Lösung lässt sich entweder das komplette System-Image patchen oder Anwendungen müssen mit Reverse-Engineering Frameworks wie Frida gepatched werden. Das ist echt super nervig für Analysen und geht selbst unter einem aktuellen iOS einfacher :(

Currently making my way through this podcast, S4, which is all about how the USA was founded, and how its supposed ideals have played out since then.
It strikes me that the root problem, before the genocide, the slavery, the exploitation and racism, is oligarchy.
#history #AmericanHistory

The Land That Never Has Been Yet
Scene on Radio host/producer John Biewen :Over the past few years, the survival of the United States as a democratic republic has become a topic of national conversation—Trumpian authoritar

Not all data is useful; some data is of poor quality, and much of it is messy. Poor data quality can negatively impact customers, employees, and decision-making processes. At this year's Berlin Buzzwords, Jan Meskens explored the journey from identifying symptoms to uncovering root causes, along with strategies for improvement.
Watch the full session:

The asymptotic behavior of simple eigenvalues of particle-in-well systems
Peter Hintz, Aaron Moser
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13545 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2…

The asymptotic behavior of simple eigenvalues of particle-in-well systems
The particle in a well in dimension one is a classical problem in quantum mechanics. We study higher-dimensional analogues of the problem, where the well is a smooth domain in $\mathbb{R}^d$. We show that simple eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the corresponding Schrödinger operator depend smoothly on the square root $h$ of the inverse depth of the well and provide an explicit first-order expansion of the eigenvalues at $h = 0$. Our proof consists of two steps. In the first step, we constru…

An improved argument principle root-search method for modes of slab waveguides, optical fibers, and spheres
S. Rao, P. Y. Chen, T. Grossinger, Y. Sivan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11752

An improved argument principle root-search method for modes of slab waveguides, optical fibers, and spheres
We update our root-search method for transcendental equations. Our method is globally convergent and is guaranteed to locate all complex roots within a specified search domain, since it is based on Cauchy's residue theorem. We extend the implementation to treat the dispersion relations of slab waveguides and the resonances of a sphere, in addition to step-index fibers. We also implement other improvements, such as to the contour selection procedure and using non-dimensional search variables, to…

☕ A better brew: How regenerative coffee could root out exploitation
https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/2025/07/a-better-brew-how-regenerative-coffee-could-root-out-exploitation/

A better brew: How regenerative coffee could root out exploitation
The coffee industry faces many problems, from being the sixth-largest driver of deforestation worldwide to being rife with human rights abuses, including slavery and child labor. But coffee can be made sustainable and ethical, Etelle Higonnet, founder of the NGO Coffee Watch, said in an episode of Mongabay Newscast in June. “To the best of my […]

Either I am missing something after another hour of googling or lots of people have their MariaDB root passwords in their shell history.
How do you create a backup without putting the password right in a shell command?
https://mariadb.com/docs…

Full Backup and Restore with mariadb-backup | MariaDB Documentation

The Fourier coefficients of the critical holomorphic multiplicative chaos
Christopher Atherfold, Joseph Najnudel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13849 https://a…

The Fourier coefficients of the critical holomorphic multiplicative chaos
The holomorphic multiplicative chaos (HMC) is a holomorphic analogue of the Gaussian multiplicative chaos. It arises naturally as the limit in large matrix size of the characteristic polynomial of Haar unitary matrices, and more generally, random matrices following the Circular-$β$-Ensemble. In a previous article, Najnudel, Paquette and Simm prove that in the $L^2$ phase $β> 4$, the appropriately normalized Fourier coefficient of the HMC converges in distribution to the square root of the tot…

Someone just asked me where to find the @… root certificate, and I was like... "yeah, it's called ISRG. No, I have no idea why they called it like the organization that nobody knows and that's managing Let's Encrypt, and not just by the name Let's Encrypt that everyone knows..."

Root stack valuative criterion for good moduli spaces
Dori Bejleri, Giovanni Inchiostro, Matthew Satriano
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08642 https://

Root stack valuative criterion for good moduli spaces
We prove a root stack valuative criterion for good moduli space maps and for gerbes for reductive groups under some mild assumptions on the residue characteristic. We give several applications to parahoric extension for torsors, rational points on stacks, gerbes and homogeneous spaces, and the geometry of fibrations.

A pseudo-inverse of a line graph
Sevvandi Kandanaarachchi, Philip Kilby, Cheng Soon Ong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09412 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.09412…

A pseudo-inverse of a line graph
Line graphs are an alternative representation of graphs where each vertex of the original (root) graph becomes an edge. However not all graphs have a corresponding root graph, hence the transformation from graphs to line graphs is not invertible. We investigate the case when there is a small perturbation in the space of line graphs, and try to recover the corresponding root graph, essentially defining the inverse of the line graph operation. We propose a linear integer program that edits the sm…

Crash Report Enhancement with Large Language Models: An Empirical Study
S M Farah Al Fahim (Peter), Md Nakhla Rafi (Peter), Zeyang Ma (Peter), Dong Jae Kim (Peter), Tse-Hsun (Peter), Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13535

Crash Report Enhancement with Large Language Models: An Empirical Study
Crash reports are central to software maintenance, yet many lack the diagnostic detail developers need to debug efficiently. We examine whether large language models can enhance crash reports by adding fault locations, root-cause explanations, and repair suggestions. We study two enhancement strategies: Direct-LLM, a single-shot approach that uses stack-trace context, and Agentic-LLM, an iterative approach that explores the repository for additional evidence. On a dataset of 492 real-world cras…

Orchids root in trees
To take their place in the sun
Beauty hits the heights.
#dailyhaikuprompt - orchids
#haiku
#poem

Critical Sudo Vulnerabilities Let Local Users Gain Root Access on Linux, Impacting Major Distros
Cybersecurity researchers have disclosed two security flaws in the Sudo command-line utility for Linux and Unix-like operating systems that could enable local attackers to escalate their privileges to root on susceptible machines.
🐧

Critical Sudo Vulnerabilities Let Local Users Gain Root Access on Linux, Impacting Major Distros
Two critical vulnerabilities in Sudo command-line tool allow privilege escalation for local attackers on Linux systems

TIL Baltimore has been drastically decreasing homicides for the past several years through non-police interventions focused on conflict mediation and treating "root causes of gun violence, such as poverty, mental health, and housing issues"
https://popular.info/p/the-secret-to-b

The secret to Baltimore's extraordinary year
This April, Baltimore saw five homicides.

s/sudo/doas/
---
chwoot: Kritische Linux-Lücke macht Nutzer auf den meisten Systemen zu Root | heise online
https://www.heise.de/news/chwoot-Kritische…

Tibetan Buddhism is quick to judge an "imperfect documentary" but much more laxist to leave a system of abuse in place because : traditions and root guru cult
https://web.archive.org/web/20221201073253/https://tricycle.org/art…

‘Buddhism: The Unspeakable Truth’ Elevates Victims’ Stories in Imperfect Documentary
Despite shortcomings, the film gives a necessary platform to abuse survivors.

On the analytic rank of the twin prime elliptic curve $y^2=x(x-2)(x-p)$
Kirti Joshi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12340 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.12340

On the analytic rank of the twin prime elliptic curve $y^2=x(x-2)(x-p)$
Let $p\geq 7$ and suppose $(p,p-2)$ are twin prime numbers, in [Hatley, 2009], the elliptic curve $E_p:y^2=x(x-2)(x-p)$ was considered in the context of a conjecture by Jason Beers about the Mordell-Weil ranks of $E_p/\mathbb{Q}$. I show that for $p\equiv 3,5\bmod 8$, the analytic rank of $E_p$ is at least one (Theorem 1.1.2) in line with Beers' predictions. This is done by finding a formula (Theorem 4.1.1) for the global root number of $E_p$ for all twin prime pairs. I also show that Beers' co…

In case you were wondering: no, it is NOT safe to do an unconstrained zfs send of the root filesystem to a vmhgfs-mounted filesystem.
#Sysadminnery

Collapse of Irrelevant Representations (CIR) Ensures Robust and Non-Disruptive LLM Unlearning
Filip Sondej, Yushi Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11816 https://

Collapse of Irrelevant Representations (CIR) Ensures Robust and Non-Disruptive LLM Unlearning
Current unlearning techniques and safety training consistently fail to remove dangerous knowledge from language models. We analyze the root causes and propose a highly selective technique which unlearns robustly and without disrupting general performance. We perform PCA on activations and module output gradients to identify subspaces containing common representations, and collapse them before calculating unlearning updates. This way we avoid unlearning general representations, and only target…

On one of my #OpenWRT routers I can't update all packages because of low free space on /overlay partition.
According to sources like https://forum.openwrt.org/t/not-enough-space/1…

Complete harmonic metrics and subharmonic functions on the unit disc
Natsuo Miyatake
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12848 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.12848

Complete harmonic metrics and subharmonic functions on the unit disc
Let $X$ be a Riemann surface, $K_X \rightarrow X$ the canonical bundle, and $T_X\rightarrow X$ the dual bundle of the canonical bundle. For each integer $r \geq 2$, each $q \in H^0(K_X^r)$, and each choice of the square root $K_X^{1/2}$ of the canonical bundle, we obtain a Higgs bundle $(\mathbb{K}_r,Φ(q))$, which is called a cyclic Higgs bundle. A diagonal harmonic metric $h = (h_1, \dots, h_r)$ on a cyclic Higgs bundle yields $r-1$-Hermitian metrics $H_1, \dots, H_{r-1}$ on $T_X$, while $h_1…

Tetraquark states in the quark model
Wei-Lin Wu, Yan-Ke Chen, Yao Ma, Lu Meng, Shi-Lin Zhu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11161 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.1116…

Tetraquark states in the quark model
We perform systematical investigations of heavy flavor tetraquark systems, including fully heavy $QQ\bar Q\bar Q$ ($Q=b,c$), doubly heavy $QQ^{(\prime)}\bar q\bar q$ ($q=u,d$), and singly heavy $Qs\bar q\bar q$ tetraquark systems, within the framework of quark potential model. We employ the Gaussian expansion method and complex scaling method to solve the four-body Hamiltonian and identify bound and resonant states. We further calculate the root mean square radii to study the spatial configurat…

Scaling Agents via Continual Pre-training
Liangcai Su, Zhen Zhang, Guangyu Li, Zhuo Chen, Chenxi Wang, Maojia Song, Xinyu Wang, Kuan Li, Jialong Wu, Xuanzhong Chen, Zile Qiao, Zhongwang Zhang, Huifeng Yin, Shihao Cai, Runnan Fang, Zhengwei Tao, Wenbiao Yin, Chenxiong Qian, Yong Jiang, Pengjun Xie, Fei Huang, Jingren Zhou
https://arxiv.org/…

Scaling Agents via Continual Pre-training
Large language models (LLMs) have evolved into agentic systems capable of autonomous tool use and multi-step reasoning for complex problem-solving. However, post-training approaches building upon general-purpose foundation models consistently underperform in agentic tasks, particularly in open-source implementations. We identify the root cause: the absence of robust agentic foundation models forces models during post-training to simultaneously learn diverse agentic behaviors while aligning them…

Reflexive Modules, the Infinite Root Algebra and the Generating Hypothesis
Oliver House
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07116 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.07116…

Reflexive Modules, the Infinite Root Algebra and the Generating Hypothesis
This thesis concerns the algebraic consequences of Freyd's Generating Hypothesis, and explores the question of whether there exists a self-injective ring R that can be constructed purely algebraically that exhibits some of the known properties of the stable homotopy ring, including some conjectured properties that follow from Freyd's Generating Hypothesis. As an example, we investigate the infinite root algebra of Hahn series P, firstly by establishing results for the related Hahn ring A. In pa…

The short version of my larger soapbox here is that a lot of the hand-wringing and hair-pulling about e-bikes, novel UPS delivery thingers, Those Darned Kids tearing down the sidewalk on scooters, etc. is at its root not about the vehicles, but about infrastructure.
We need vastly more and better infrastructure — physical, legal, and social — for vehicles that are:
- zero-emission (which currently means human- and electric-powered)
- of limited mass (just how much could it harm a pedestrian?)
- traveling in the 10-20mph range

Is anyone aware of a Cortex-M based microcontroller with a PCIe root complex IP?
Not an apps processor, I'm specifically asking about a M (probably M7 or M85 based).

Gabbard’s team has sought spy agency data to enforce Trump’s agenda

The Director’s Initiative Group has expressed an interest in gaining access to emails and chat logs of the largest U.S. intelligence agencies to root out “weaponization,” according to multiple people familiar with the effort.

Gabbard’s team has sought spy agency data to enforce Trump’s agenda
A team created by Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard has sought access to emails and chat logs of the largest U.S. spy agencies to root out “weaponization.”

Exceptionally deficient topological square-root insulators
Subhajyoti Bid, Henning Schomerus
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11490 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.11…

Exceptionally deficient topological square-root insulators
One of the most surprising features of effectively non-Hermitian physical systems is their potential to exhibit a striking nonlinear response and fragility to small perturbations. This feature arises from spectral singularities known as exceptional points, whose realization in the spectrum typically requires fine-tuning of parameters. The design of such systems receives significant impetus from the recent conception of \emph{exceptional deficiency}, in which the entire energy spectrum is compos…

Improving Human Motion Plausibility with Body Momentum
Ha Linh Nguyen, Tze Ho Elden Tse, Angela Yao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09496 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

Improving Human Motion Plausibility with Body Momentum
Many studies decompose human motion into local motion in a frame attached to the root joint and global motion of the root joint in the world frame, treating them separately. However, these two components are not independent. Global movement arises from interactions with the environment, which are, in turn, driven by changes in the body configuration. Motion models often fail to precisely capture this physical coupling between local and global dynamics, while deriving global trajectories from jo…

Failures to Surface Harmful Contents in Video Large Language Models
Yuxin Cao, Wei Song, Derui Wang, Jingling Xue, Jin Song Dong
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10974 https://…

Failures to Surface Harmful Contents in Video Large Language Models
Video Large Language Models (VideoLLMs) are increasingly deployed on numerous critical applications, where users rely on auto-generated summaries while casually skimming the video stream. We show that this interaction hides a critical safety gap: if harmful content is embedded in a video, either as full-frame inserts or as small corner patches, state-of-the-art VideoLLMs rarely mention the harmful content in the output, despite its clear visibility to human viewers. A root-cause analysis reveal…

Root Cause Analysis Training for Healthcare Professionals With AI-Powered Virtual Simulation: A Proof-of-Concept
Yuqi Hu, Qiwen Xiong, Zhenzhen Qin, Brandon Watanabe, Yujing Wang, Mirjana Prpa, Ilmi Yoon
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04904

Root Cause Analysis Training for Healthcare Professionals With AI-Powered Virtual Simulation: A Proof-of-Concept
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a critical tool for investigating adverse events in healthcare and improving patient safety. However, existing RCA training programs are often limited by high resource demands, leading to insufficient training and inconsistent implementation. To address this challenge, we present an AI-powered 3D simulation game that helps healthcare professionals develop RCA skills through interactive, immersive simulations. This approach offers a cost-effective, scalable, and acce…

Obscure kernel bug use-after-free and then the VLAI severity told me "maybe important" before I read the drama #kernel

[CVE-2025-38001] Exploiting All Google kernelCTF Instances And Debian 12 With A 0-Day For $82k: A RBTree Family Drama (Part One: LTS & COS)
CVE-2025-38001 is a Use-After-Free vulnerability in the Linux network packet scheduler, specifically in the HFSC queuing discipline. When the HFSC qdisc is utilized with NETEM and NETEM packet duplication is enabled, using HFSC_RSC it is possible to cause a double class insertion in the HFSC eligible tree. Under normal conditions, this would lead to an infinite loop in hfsc_dequeue() due to an RBTree cycle. However, by adding TBF as root qdisc, it is possible to prevent packets from being deque…

5G Core Fault Detection and Root Cause Analysis using Machine Learning and Generative AI
Joseph H. R. Isaac, Harish Saradagam, Nallamothu Pardhasaradhi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09152

5G Core Fault Detection and Root Cause Analysis using Machine Learning and Generative AI
With the advent of 5G networks and technologies, ensuring the integrity and performance of packet core traffic is paramount. During network analysis, test files such as Packet Capture (PCAP) files and log files will contain errors if present in the system that must be resolved for better overall network performance, such as connectivity strength and handover quality. Current methods require numerous person-hours to sort out testing results and find the faults. This paper presents a novel AI/ML-…

Sometimes, I wake up and realize all my computers run Debian, not Windows, and it makes me smile like a root user who just found sudo access without a password.
#Linux #Debian #Windows

Towards LLM-based Root Cause Analysis of Hardware Design Failures
Siyu Qiu, Muzhi Wang, Raheel Afsharmazayejani, Mohammad Moradi Shahmiri, Benjamin Tan, Hammond Pearce
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06512

Towards LLM-based Root Cause Analysis of Hardware Design Failures
With advances in large language models (LLMs), new opportunities have emerged to develop tools that support the digital hardware design process. In this work, we explore how LLMs can assist with explaining the root cause of design issues and bugs that are revealed during synthesis and simulation, a necessary milestone on the pathway towards widespread use of LLMs in the hardware design process and for hardware security analysis. We find promising results: for our corpus of 34 different buggy sc…

Time-series Neutron Tomography of Rhizoboxes
A. P. Kaestner, S. Di Bert, R. Jia, P. Benard, A. Carminati
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11935 https://arxiv.org…

Time-series Neutron Tomography of Rhizoboxes
This study investigates the feasibility of tilt-series neutron tomography for analyzing rhizoboxes used in root-soil interaction studies. Traditional neutron imaging methods are limited by constrained root growth volumes and poor penetration in moist soil. Using a vertical acquisition axis, the tilt-series approach avoids constraints typical of laminography. This method allows simultaneous radiographic and tomographic data acquisition, enhancing time resolution and providing detailed insights i…

A Calogero Model with root string representatives of infinite order Coxeter orbits
Andreas Fring
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01738 https://arxiv.org/pdf/250…

A Calogero Model with root string representatives of infinite order Coxeter orbits
We present a worked example for the new extensions of the multi-particle Calogero model endowed with infinite Weyl group symmetry of affine and hyperbolic type. Building upon the hyperbolic extension of the $A_3$-Kac-Moody algebra, we construct an explicit realisation of the model in terms of infinite root systems generated from Coxeter orbits. To address the challenge of summing over infinitely many roots, we introduce root string representatives that span the invariant root space while preser…

Wow installing :debian: #Debian is... slow... And terribly annoying all these unnecessary questions. Maybe I used the wrong installer, but man...
And no sudo configured for the user. visudo not available as root. Only the installer cdrom set up as apt mirror, can't install anything.
Okay I'm outta here wtf 😂

@… the window from the timeline I measured was ~5 hours but to solve the root issue would require architecture changes to npm publish workflows — but until something changes upstream, yeah — more alerts! more emails! I want to know every time a build dependency in my projects is compromised as soon as possible so that I can make the best choices for my projects
Fro…

Stop using root-mean-square error as a precipitation target!
Kieran M. R. Hunt
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08369 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.08369

Stop using root-mean-square error as a precipitation target!
Root-mean-square error (RMSE) remains the default training loss for data-driven precipitation models, despite precipitation being semi-continuous, zero-inflated, strictly non-negative, and heavy-tailed. This Gaussian-implied objective misspecifies the data-generating process because it tolerates negative predictions, underpenalises rare heavy events, and ignores the mass at zero. We propose replacing RMSE with the Tweedie deviance, a likelihood-based and differentiable loss from the exponential…

Nutzt hier wer #BusyBox? Eine Lücke in tar kann genutzt werden um Geräte zum Absturz zu bringen oder sich root-rechte zu verschaffen. BusyBox findet sich auf vielen Embedded-Geräten wie Routern (z.B. #OpenWRT),

I think the root of the “AI” evil is when AI researchers in the 1960s recognized that they outrageously underestimated the complexity of the human mind.
They became utterly humiliated by their self-congratulatory promises from the 1950s that AGI was just a few years away—and then went full goblin mode that’s lasting to this day, even if the original researchers (like Minsky*) died long ago.
*probably raped children on Epstein’s island

Hertz and other car rental agencies are increasingly relying on scanners that use high-res imaging and AI to flag even tiny blemishes, angering some customers (Gabe Castro-Root/New York Times)
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/09/travel/rental-car-ai-scann…

Hertz and Other Rental Car Agencies Turn to AI for Damage Detection
Hertz and other agencies are increasingly relying on scanners that use high-res imaging and A.I. to flag even tiny blemishes, and customers aren’t happy.

JFC. The stupid... it burns.
Rly Portland School district?
#infosecfail #portland
From: @…

G/O Media sells gaming news site Kotaku to Keleops, the European company that acquired Gizmodo in 2024, leaving G/O Media with just one property, The Root (Kerry Flynn/Axios)
https://www.axios.com/2025/07/02/kotaku-sale-keleops-go-media

G/O Media sells Kotaku to Gizmodo owner Keleops
The Root is now the only media brand left at G/O Media.

Bias correction for Chatterjee's graph-based correlation coefficient
Mona Azadkia, Leihao Chen, Fang Han
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09040 https://arxiv…

Bias correction for Chatterjee's graph-based correlation coefficient
Azadkia and Chatterjee (2021) recently introduced a simple nearest neighbor (NN) graph-based correlation coefficient that consistently detects both independence and functional dependence. Specifically, it approximates a measure of dependence that equals 0 if and only if the variables are independent, and 1 if and only if they are functionally dependent. However, this NN estimator includes a bias term that may vanish at a rate slower than root-$n$, preventing root-$n$ consistency in general. In …

A Square-Root Free Algorithm for Computing Real Givens Rotations
Carlos F. Borges
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19431 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.19431

A Square-Root Free Algorithm for Computing Real Givens Rotations
We develop an accurate square-root-free algorithm for constructing real Givens rotations. On processors that support the fused multiply-add operation in hardware, the algorithm is competitive with square-root based algorithms using a hardware square-root. Unlike the square-root-free algorithms in \cite{Hsieh1993,GENTLEMAN1973,Barlow1987,Hammarling1974ANO,Ling1989EfficientLL,Hanson,Hanson2}, our approach will construct the Givens rotation directly and is therefore applicable to a much wider vari…

The Subtle Interplay between Square-root Impact, Order Imbalance & Volatility II: An Artificial Market Generator
Guillaume Maitrier, Gr\'egoire Loeper, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05065

The Subtle Interplay between Square-root Impact, Order Imbalance & Volatility II: An Artificial Market Generator
This work extends and complements our previous theoretical paper on the subtle interplay between impact, order flow and volatility. In the present paper, we generate synthetic market data following the specification of that paper and show that the approximations made there are actually justified, which provides quantitative support our conclusion that price volatility can be fully explained by the superposition of correlated metaorders which all impact prices, on average, as a square-root of ex…

The feeling when you find the root cause for a problem that has been bothering you for months. And it turns out to be fixable by adding a single letter. (To turn an "unsigned long" literal into an "unsigned long long" one.) (Actually I made it use the UINT64_C() macro from <cstdint>.)
Writing portable code is hard. And thanks, Windows, for keeping "long" as 32 bits even in 64-bit code.
Now, if only Clang or gcc on Linux would warn about such po…

Before you use that Linux VM you got from that cheap #hosting provider, a sample of things you might want to check:
* unexpected daemons
* unexpected network listeners
* unexpected user accounts
* SSH keys in /root/.ssh
* lsblk for unprovisioned disk(s)
* undesirable /etc/resolv.conf
* ufw/iptables setup
* shell history (yes, on new installs)
* unex…

Replaced article(s) found for cs.PF. https://arxiv.org/list/cs.PF/new
[1/1]:
- Non-Asymptotic Performance Analysis of DOA Estimation Based on Real-Valued Root-MUSIC
Junyang Liu, Weicheng Zhao, Qingping Wang, Xiangtian Meng, Maria Greco, Fulvio Gini

Quiver varieties and root multiplicities in rank 3
Patrick Chan, Peter Tingley
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04804 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.04804

Quiver varieties and root multiplicities in rank 3
Building on our previous work in rank two, we use quiver varieties to give a combinatorial upper bound on dimensions of certain imaginary root spaces for rank 3 symmetric Kac-Moody algebras. We describe an explicit method for extracting combinatorics when the Dynkin diagram is bipartite (i.e. two of the nodes are not connected). As in rank two we believe these bounds are quite tight and we give computational evidence to this effect, although there is more error in rank 3 than in rank 2.

Patriots receiver Mack Hollins explains why he goes barefoot: 'Your feet will be your root' on the field

https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/patriot

Sonnet 055 - LV
Not marble, nor the gilded monuments
Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme;
But you shall shine more bright in these contents
Than unswept stone, besmear'd with sluttish time.
When wasteful war shall statues overturn,
And broils root out the work of masonry,
Nor Mars his sword, nor war's quick fire shall burn
The living record of your memory.
'Gainst death, and all oblivious enmity
Shall you pace …

Non-intersecting Brownian Motions and Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos
Ahmet Keles
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11505 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.11505

Non-intersecting Brownian Motions and Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos
We obtain Fisher-Hartwig asymptotics with root and jump type singularities in space-time under the law of the stationary Hermitian Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which serve as a dynamical generalization of earlier static results obtained by Riemann-Hilbert methods. This extends previous asymptotics by [Krasovsky 2007], [Its, Krasovsky 2008], and [Charlier 2019]. As a consequence, fractional powers of the absolute value of the characteristic polynomial of this process (and the exponential eigenval…

GEPAR3D: Geometry Prior-Assisted Learning for 3D Tooth Segmentation
Tomasz Szczepa\'nski, Szymon P{\l}otka, Michal K. Grzeszczyk, Arleta Adamowicz, Piotr Fudalej, Przemys{\l}aw Korzeniowski, Tomasz Trzci\'nski, Arkadiusz Sitek
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00155

GEPAR3D: Geometry Prior-Assisted Learning for 3D Tooth Segmentation
Tooth segmentation in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) remains challenging, especially for fine structures like root apices, which is critical for assessing root resorption in orthodontics. We introduce GEPAR3D, a novel approach that unifies instance detection and multi-class segmentation into a single step tailored to improve root segmentation. Our method integrates a Statistical Shape Model of dentition as a geometric prior, capturing anatomical context and morphological consistency witho…

"At root, stock buybacks are just wash-trading, the company buying its own shares to move their price, without doing anything to justify that price movement. Before Reagan legalized stock buybacks, companies returned capital to their investors through dividends. Why would companies prefer buybacks to dividends? Because corporate executives hold *tons* of shares in their employer's company, and it's *much* better for them to push those share prices higher even as they gut the company's ability to function."
https://pluralistic.net/2025/09/06/computer-says-huh/#invisible-handcuffs

SoK: Root Cause of \$1 Billion Loss in Smart Contract Real-World Attacks via a Systematic Literature Review of Vulnerabilities
Hadis Rezaei, Mojtaba Eshghie, Karl Anderesson, Francesco Palmieri
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20175

SoK: Root Cause of \$1 Billion Loss in Smart Contract Real-World Attacks via a Systematic Literature Review of Vulnerabilities
The Ethereum ecosystem, despite its maturity, continues to witness catastrophic attacks, with billions of dollars in assets lost annually. In response, a significant body of research has focused on identifying and mitigating smart contract vulnerabilities. However, these efforts predominantly focus on implementation-level bugs, leaving a critical gap between academic understanding of vulnerabilities and the root causes of real-world high-impact financial losses. We employ a two-pronged methodol…

🇺🇦 Auf radioeins läuft...
Case Oats:
🎵 Bitter Root Lake
#NowPlaying #CaseOats
https://caseoats.bandcamp.com/track/bitter-root-lake
https://open.spotify.com/track/2HfRYWF12FXwDUvYWBNaOq

WZW Partition Functions from Supersymmetric Localization
Boan Zhao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11673 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.11673

WZW Partition Functions from Supersymmetric Localization
We prove a conjecture of Murthy and Witten which expresses modular invariant WZW partition functions as lattice sums. We show that when the sum is over the root lattice of SU(N), the result correctly reproduces the diagonal modular invariants of SU(N)_k whenever N > 2 and N + k is even. Beyond these cases, the proposition is not always true and we provide a counterexample when k >> N > 2 and k + N is odd. This proof generalizes the proof by Murthy and Witten for the SU(2) case. We then move ont…

The Deligne-Simpson Problem
William Crawley-Boevey
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11998 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.11998

The Deligne-Simpson Problem
Given k similarity classes of invertible matrices, the Deligne-Simpson problem asks to determine whether or not one can find matrices in these classes whose product is the identity and with no common invariant subspace. The author conjectured an answer in terms of an associated root system, and proved one implication in joint work with Shaw. In this paper we prove the other implication, thus confirming the conjecture.

Practical Software Approach to Digital Pulse Processing
Jing Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11360 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.11360

Practical Software Approach to Digital Pulse Processing
This paper presents a practical approach to digital pulse processing, emphasizing simplicity and efficiency. We advocate for a balanced software design, flat data structures, the use of the ROOT C++ interpreter, and a combination of command-line and graphical interfaces. By adopting these strategies, researchers can effectively apply digital pulse processing techniques to their specific domains without excessive theoretical concerns.

@… please see the preceding post, it's root-on-ZFS.

Is it possible to make OpenVPN validate that a certificate follows a specific chain?
Use case:
* Internal company root
* Internal company VPN intermediate
* Device certs for each client/server
Is it possible to do something like this but not allow other certs signed by the same root, under a different intermediate, to authenticate to the VPN?

Locally isotropic Steinberg groups II. Schur multipliers
Egor Voronetsky
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04519 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.…

Locally isotropic Steinberg groups II. Schur multipliers
We compute Schur multipliers of locally isotropic Steinberg groups and of all root graded Steinberg groups with root systems of rank at least $ 3 $ (excluding the types $ \mathsf H_3 $ and $ \mathsf H_4 $). As an application, we show that locally isotropic Steinberg groups are well defined as abstract groups.

Combinatorial and Gaussian Foundations of Rational Nth Root Approximations: Theorems and Conjectures
Isaac Wolford
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14095 https://

Combinatorial and Gaussian Foundations of Rational Nth Root Approximations: Theorems and Conjectures
We present an approach (the biroot method) for nth root approximation that yields closed-form rational functions with coefficients derived from binomial structures, Gaussian functions, or qualifying DAG structures. The method emerges from an analysis of Newton's method applied to root extraction, revealing that successive iterations generate coefficients following rows of Pascal's triangle in an alternating numerator-denominator pattern. After further exploration of these patterns, we formulate…

from my link log —
Simulating time with square-root space.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.17779
saved 2025-06-08 https://dotat.at/:/L…

Simulating Time With Square-Root Space
We show that for all functions $t(n) \geq n$, every multitape Turing machine running in time $t$ can be simulated in space only $O(\sqrt{t \log t})$. This is a substantial improvement over Hopcroft, Paul, and Valiant's simulation of time $t$ in $O(t/\log t)$ space from 50 years ago [FOCS 1975, JACM 1977]. Among other results, our simulation implies that bounded fan-in circuits of size $s$ can be evaluated on any input in only $\sqrt{s} \cdot poly(\log s)$ space, and that there are explicit prob…

did you know? teleost fish maintain neutral buoyancy with their swim bladder, which they pump with gas as they descend into depths. specifically, they can pump it with hyperbaric oxygen at partial pressures of *several hundred atmospheres*
they also pressurize their eyes in the same way
https://

Tibetan Buddhism is quick to judge an "imperfect documentary" but much more laxist to leave a system of abuse in place because : traditions and root guru cult
https://web.archive.org/web/20221201073253/https://tricycle.org/art…

‘Buddhism: The Unspeakable Truth’ Elevates Victims’ Stories in Imperfect Documentary
Despite shortcomings, the film gives a necessary platform to abuse survivors.

Dual Shellability of Admissible Set and Cohen-Macaulayness of Local Models
Xuhua He, Qingchao Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11581 https://arxiv.org/pdf/250…

Dual Shellability of Admissible Set and Cohen-Macaulayness of Local Models
We prove Görtz's combinatorial conjecture \cite{Go01} on dual shellability of admissible sets in Iwahori-Weyl groups, proving that the augmented admissible set $\widehat{\mathrm{Adm}}(μ)$ is dual shellable for any dominant coweight $μ$. This provides a uniform, elementary approach to establishing Cohen-Macaulayness of the special fibers of the local models with Iwahori level structure for all reductive groups-including residue characteristic $2$ and non-reduced root systems-circumventing geo…

"If it’s smart, it’s vulnerable"
Schöne neue IT-Welt:
"Durch die #Sicherheitslücken haben es die Forscher geschafft, eine Root-Shell auf einem #Bose-Lautsprecher zu erhalten, und dann davon in ein

"I think the root of homelessness is greed... England has a population of 60 million people and about the same homeless population as San Francisco, which is a city of about 850,000 people."
Kevin's book is in my queue. May move it up. He's speaking at the Roxie on Sunday!

For longtime Chronicle homelessness reporter Kevin Fagan, the business was always personal
Learn about Kevin Fagan’s powerful stories of homelessness and recovery that come from connections made in a life-long reporting career.

Probabilities of Causation and Root Cause Analysis with Quasi-Markovian Models
Eduardo Rocha Laurentino, Fabio Gagliardi Cozman, Denis Deratani Maua, Daniel Angelo Esteves Lawand, Davi Goncalves Bezerra Coelho, Lucas Martins Marques
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02535

Probabilities of Causation and Root Cause Analysis with Quasi-Markovian Models
Probabilities of causation provide principled ways to assess causal relationships but face computational challenges due to partial identifiability and latent confounding. This paper introduces both algorithmic simplifications, significantly reducing the computational complexity of calculating tighter bounds for these probabilities, and a novel methodological framework for Root Cause Analysis that systematically employs these causal metrics to rank entire causal paths.

Functional equations of axiomatic multiple Dirichlet series, Weyl groupoids, and quantum algebra
Will Sawin, Ian Whitehead
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08662

Functional equations of axiomatic multiple Dirichlet series, Weyl groupoids, and quantum algebra
We prove functional equations for multiple Dirichlet series defined by a collection of five geometric axioms. We find functional equations of two types: one modeled on the functional equations of Dirichlet $L$-functions, and another modeled on the functional equations of Kubota $L$-series with Gauss sums as coefficients. These functional equations generate groupoid structures, which we relate to the Weyl groupoids of arithmetic root systems. From the known classification of arithmetic root syst…

Domain-Adversarial Transfer Learning for Fault Root Cause Identification in Cloud Computing Systems
Bruce Fang, Danyi Gao
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02233 …

Domain-Adversarial Transfer Learning for Fault Root Cause Identification in Cloud Computing Systems
This paper addresses the challenge of fault root cause identification in cloud computing environments. The difficulty arises from complex system structures, dense service coupling, and limited fault information. To solve this problem, an intelligent identification algorithm based on transfer learning is proposed. The method introduces a shared feature extraction module and a domain adversarial mechanism to enable effective knowledge transfer from the source domain to the target domain. This imp…

Non-Asymptotic Performance Analysis of DOA Estimation Based on Real-Valued Root-MUSIC
Junyang Liu, Weicheng Zhao, Qingping Wang, Xiangtian Meng, Maria Greco, Fulvio Gini
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01999

Non-Asymptotic Performance Analysis of DOA Estimation Based on Real-Valued Root-MUSIC
This paper presents a systematic theoretical performance analysis of the Real-Valued root-MUSIC (RV-root-MUSIC) algorithm under non-asymptotic conditions. However, RV-root-MUSIC suffers from the problem of estimation ambiguity for the mirror roots, therefore the conventional beamforming (CBF) technique is typically employed to filter out the mirror roots. Through the equivalent subspace based on the conjugate extension method and the equivalence of perturbations for both true roots and mirror r…

InferLog: Accelerating LLM Inference for Online Log Parsing via ICL-oriented Prefix Caching
Yilun Wang, Pengfei Chen, Haiyu Huang, Zilong He, Gou Tan, Chuanfu Zhang, Jingkai He, Zibin Zheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08523

InferLog: Accelerating LLM Inference for Online Log Parsing via ICL-oriented Prefix Caching
Modern software systems generate massive volumes of runtime logs, necessitating efficient and accurate log parsing to enable critical downstream tasks such as anomaly detection and root cause analysis. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved advanced accuracy on log parsing, but their deployment in production environments faces two major limitations: (1) the privacy risks associated with commercial LLMs, driving the adoption of local deployment, and (2) the stringent latency and th…

Fermion mass ratios from the exceptional Jordan algebra
Tejinder P. Singh
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10131 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.10131

Fermion mass ratios from the exceptional Jordan algebra
We revisit the "three generations" problem and the pattern of charged-fermion masses from the vantage of octonionic and Clifford algebra structures. Working with the exceptional Jordan algebra J3(OC) (right-handed flavor) and the symmetric cube of SU(3) (left-handed charge frame), we show that a single minimal ladder in the symmetric cube, together with the Dynkin Z2 swap (the A2 diagram flip), leads to closed-form expressions for the square-root mass ratios of all three charged families. The u…

On certain root number $1$ cases of the cube sum problem
Shamik Das, Somnath Jha
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05361 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.05361

On certain root number $1$ cases of the cube sum problem
We consider certain families of integers $n$ determined by some congruence condition, such that the global root number of the elliptic curve $E_{-432n^2}: Y^2=X^3-432n^2$ is $1$ for every $n$, however a given $n$ may or may not be a sum of two rational cubes. We give explicit criteria in terms of the $2$-parts and $3$-parts of the ideal class groups of certain cubic number fields to determine whether such an $n$ is a cube sum. In particular, we study integers $n$ divisible by $3$ such that the …

Adaptive Root Cause Localization for Microservice Systems with Multi-Agent Recursion-of-Thought
Lingzhe Zhang, Tong Jia, Kangjin Wang, Weijie Hong, Chiming Duan, Minghua He, Ying Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20370

Adaptive Root Cause Localization for Microservice Systems with Multi-Agent Recursion-of-Thought
As contemporary microservice systems become increasingly popular and complex-often comprising hundreds or even thousands of fine-grained, interdependent subsystems-they are facing more frequent failures. Ensuring system reliability thus demands accurate root cause localization. While traces and metrics have proven to be effective data sources for this task, existing methods either heavily rely on pre-defined schemas, which struggle to adapt to evolving operational contexts, or lack interpretabi…

Gaussian periods and Shanks' cubic polynomials. II
Miho Aoki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11137 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.11137

Gaussian periods and Shanks' cubic polynomials. II
We give a linear relation between a cubic Gaussian period and a root of Shanks' cubic polynomial in wildly ramified cases.

Root-$T\bar{T}$ Flows Unify 4D Duality-Invariant Electrodynamics and 2D Integrable Sigma Models
H. Babaei-Aghbolagh, Bin Chen, Song He
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22808 https://

Root-$T\bar{T}$ Flows Unify 4D Duality-Invariant Electrodynamics and 2D Integrable Sigma Models
We present a unified framework that connects four-dimensional duality-invariant nonlinear electrodynamics and two-dimensional integrable sigma models via the Courant-Hilbert and new auxiliary field formulations, both governed by a common generating function and a generating potential, respectively. Introducing two commuting deformation parameters, $λ$ (irrelevant) and $γ$ (marginal), we identify a universal class of $γ$-flows, including the root-$T\bar{T}$ deformation and its rescaled varian…