Tootfinder

Free-space time-bin encoded quantum key distribution from near- to mid-infrared wavelengths
Claudia De Lazzari, Tecla Gabbrielli, Natalia Bruno, Francesco Cappelli, Domenico Ribezzo, Nicola Biagi, Nicola Corrias, Simone Borri, Mario Siciliani de Cumis, Paolo De Natale, Davide Bacco, Alessandro Zavatta
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13008

Free-space time-bin encoded quantum key distribution from near- to mid-infrared wavelengths
Quantum technologies play a central role in establishing new ways of quantum-secured communication. We investigate Free-Space Quantum Communication and explore the advantage of implementing Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with weak coherent states produced by a light source in the Mid-Infrared (>3$μ$m). We simulate time-bin encoded quantum key distribution and demonstrate that a free-space QKD link operating in the Mid-infrared outperforms configurations based on conventional near-infrared wave…

Semi-Discrete in Time Method for Time-Dependent Equations by Random Neural Basis
Guihong Wang, Zheng-An Chen, Tao Luo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13751 https://

Semi-Discrete in Time Method for Time-Dependent Equations by Random Neural Basis
Neural network-based solvers for partial differential equations (PDEs) have attracted considerable attention, yet they often face challenges in accuracy and computational efficiency. In this work, we focus on time-dependent PDEs and observe that coupling space and time in a single network can increase the difficulty of approximation. To address this, we propose a semi-discrete in time method (SDTM) which leverages classical numerical time integrators and random neural basis (RNB). Additional ad…

The Yokai Learning Environment: Tracking Beliefs Over Space and Time
Constantin Ruhdorfer, Matteo Bortoletto, Andreas Bulling
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12480 https://

The Yokai Learning Environment: Tracking Beliefs Over Space and Time
Developing collaborative AI hinges on Theory of Mind (ToM) - the ability to reason about the beliefs of others to build and maintain common ground. Existing ToM benchmarks, however, are restricted to passive observer settings or lack an assessment of how agents establish and maintain common ground over time. To address these gaps, we introduce the Yokai Learning Environment (YLE) - a multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) environment based on the cooperative card game Yokai. In the YLE, agents…

Glacial lake flood hits Juneau, Alaska, reflecting a growing risk as mountain glaciers melt around the world https://phys.org/news/2025-08-glacial-lake-juneau-alaska-mountain.html
Glacial flooding measured in real time at Juneau, Alaska

Glacial lake flood hits Juneau, Alaska, reflecting a growing risk as mountain glaciers melt around the world
Each summer in the mountains above Juneau, Alaska, meltwater from the massive Mendenhall Glacier flows into mountain lakes and into the Mendenhall River, which runs through town.

Good ideas and good research take years to incubate, grow, and realise.
You need *time*.
Time to think, to try, to talk, to throw up and out 'silly' ideas and theories - some which aren't so silly in the end - to be bored, to revisit, to connect.
"We are witnessing the dismantling of a system that once made space for pure curiosity."

Movable-Antenna Trajectory Optimization for Wireless Sensing: CRB Scaling Laws over Time and Space
Wenyan Ma, Lipeng Zhu, Rui Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14905 https://

Movable-Antenna Trajectory Optimization for Wireless Sensing: CRB Scaling Laws over Time and Space
In this paper, we present a new wireless sensing system utilizing a movable antenna (MA) that continuously moves and receives sensing signals to enhance sensing performance over the conventional fixed-position antenna (FPA) sensing. We show that the angle estimation performance is fundamentally determined by the MA trajectory, and derive the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of the mean square error (MSE) for angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation as a function of the trajectory for both one-dimensional (1D) a…

On non-linear chiral 4-form theories in D=10
Jessica Hutomo, Kurt Lechner, Dmitri P. Sorokin
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14351 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.14…

On non-linear chiral 4-form theories in D=10
We consider properties of non-linear theories of a chiral 4-form gauge field $A_4$ in ten space-time dimensions with an emphasis on a subclass of these theories which are invariant under the $D = 10$ conformal symmetry. We show that general results regarding a peculiar structure of duality-invariant abelian gauge theories in four and six space-time dimensions do not extend to non-linear chiral 4-form theories in ten dimensions. This discrepancy arises primarily from the large number 81 of indep…

Late-time Hubble Space Telescope Ultraviolet Spectra of SN 2023ixf and SN 2024ggi Show Ongoing Interaction with Circumstellar Material
K. Azalee Bostroem, Stefano Valenti, David J. Sand, Jeniveve Pearson, Manisha Shrestha, Jennifer E. Andrews, Luc Dessart, W. V. Jacobson-Galan, Brian Hsu, Aravind P. Ravi, Moira Andrews, Collin Christy, Yize Dong, Noah Franz, Joseph Farah, Alexei V. Filippenko, Kiranjyot Gill, Emily T. Hoang, Griffin Hosseinzadeh, D. Andrew Howell, Daryl Janzen, Jacob E…

Late-time Hubble Space Telescope Ultraviolet Spectra of SN 2023ixf and SN 2024ggi Show Ongoing Interaction with Circumstellar Material
We present far- and near-ultraviolet (UV) spectra of the Type II supernovae (SNe) SN~2023ixf from days 199 to 722 and SN~2024ggi at days 41 and 232. Both supernovae show broad, blueshifted, and asymmetric UV emission lines with an initial maximum velocity of $\sim9000\,km\,s^{-1}$ and narrow unresolved emission in CIV. We compare the optical and UV emission-line profiles, showing that they evolve from two distinct velocity profiles to a single profile tracing the UV emission. We interpret this …

Intermediate time scale in the first product formation time distribution of Michaelis-Menten kinetics with inhibitors
Arthur M. S. Carvalho, Gerson C. Duarte-Filho, Fernando A. N. Santos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11645

Intermediate time scale in the first product formation time distribution of Michaelis-Menten kinetics with inhibitors
Michaelis-Menten kinetics is one of the most recognized models in enzyme kinetics, crucial for the understanding of biochemical reactions in several metabolic processes. In this study, we perform a stochastic analysis of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics with the introduction of inhibitory mechanisms, which significantly diversifies the study of the reaction. We apply the Fock space formalism to reformulate the master equation, transforming it into a Schrödinger-type equation. We investigate rever…

Belief-Conditioned One-Step Diffusion: Real-Time Trajectory Planning with Just-Enough Sensing
Gokul Puthumanaillam, Aditya Penumarti, Manav Vora, Paulo Padrao, Jose Fuentes, Leonardo Bobadilla, Jane Shin, Melkior Ornik
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12166

Belief-Conditioned One-Step Diffusion: Real-Time Trajectory Planning with Just-Enough Sensing
Robots equipped with rich sensor suites can localize reliably in partially-observable environments, but powering every sensor continuously is wasteful and often infeasible. Belief-space planners address this by propagating pose-belief covariance through analytic models and switching sensors heuristically--a brittle, runtime-expensive approach. Data-driven approaches--including diffusion models--learn multi-modal trajectories from demonstrations, but presuppose an accurate, always-on state estim…

Comic book artist Ian Bertram on encouraging your inner artist https://thecreativeindependent.com/people/comic…

Comic book artist Ian Bertram on encouraging your inner artist – The Creative Independent
Comic book artist Ian Bertram discusses making time and space for creativity, finding an overall balance, and the difficulty of describing your own work.

Multifrequency system model for multiport time-modulated scatterers
Aleksandr D. Kuznetsov (Aalto University), Jari Holopainen (Aalto University), Ville Viikari (Aalto University)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13130

Multifrequency system model for multiport time-modulated scatterers
Utilizing scatterers in communication engineering, such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) and backscatter systems, requires physically consistent models for accurate performance prediction. A multiport model, which also accounts for structural scattering, has been developed for non-periodic scatterers. However, many emerging systems operate at multiple frequencies or generate intermodulation harmonics, particularly when incorporating space-time modulation (STM) or dynamic load contr…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cejvjP-a77k <- Fly through Gaia’s 3D map of stellar nurseries: https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Gaia/Fly_through_Gaia_s_3D_map_of_stellar_nurseries <- The Hα sky in three dimensions / A three-dimensional, multiwavelength view and time-dependent analysis of the Milky Way’s local ionized gas: https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article/540/1/L21/8085153 / https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/541/3/2324/8172009

This new documentary film, “Nova ‘78”, ❝uses original, newly restored, and digitized 16mm footage shot at the Nova Convention by Aaron Brookner’s uncle Howard Brookner, Tom DiCillo, and Jim Lebovitz, with direct sound by Jim Jarmusch.❞
https://mas.to/@qburns/114863298082699010…

$\alpha$-scaled strong convergence of stochastic theta method for stochastic differential equations driven by time-changed L\'evy noise beyond Lipschitz continuity
Jingwei Chen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12909

$α$-scaled strong convergence of stochastic theta method for stochastic differential equations driven by time-changed Lévy noise beyond Lipschitz continuity
This paper develops an $α$-parametrized framework for analyzing the strong convergence of the stochastic theta (ST) method for stochastic differential equations driven by time-changed Lévy noise (TCSDEwLNs) with time-space-dependent coefficients satisfying local Lipschitz conditions. Properties of the inverse subordinator are investigated and explicit moment bounds for the exact solution are derived with jump rate incorporated. The analysis demonstrates that the ST method converges strongly w…

Transport evidence of current-induced nematic Dirac valleys in a parity-time-symmetric antiferromagnet
H. Sakai, Y. Miyamoto, M. Kimata, H. Watanabe, Y. Yanase, M. Ochi, M. Kondo, H. Murakawa, N. Hanasaki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12397

Transport evidence of current-induced nematic Dirac valleys in a parity-time-symmetric antiferromagnet
Itinerant antiferromagnets with broken time-reversal symmetry have recently attracted attention, since their spin-split bands enable large magnetotransport responses comparable to ferromagnets despite the negligible spontaneous magnetisation. When the inversion symmetry is further broken by the antiferromagnetic order, the emerging odd-parity multipole order renders the bands spin-degenerate but asymmetric in the momentum space. For such parity-time-symmetric antiferromagnets, it has been predi…

Large-Scale Topology Optimisation of Time-dependent Thermal Conduction Using Space-Time Finite Elements and a Parallel Space-Time Multigrid Preconditioner
Joe Alexandersen, Magnus Appel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09589

Large-Scale Topology Optimisation of Time-dependent Thermal Conduction Using Space-Time Finite Elements and a Parallel Space-Time Multigrid Preconditioner
This paper presents a novel space-time topology optimisation framework for time-dependent thermal conduction problems, aiming to significantly reduce the time-to-solution. By treating time as an additional spatial dimension, we discretise the governing equations using a stabilised continuous Galerkin space-time finite element method. The resulting large all-at-once system is solved using an iterative Krylov solver preconditioned with a parallel space-time multigrid method employing a semi-coars…

Time Scale Separation and Hierarchical Control with the Koopman Operator
Craig Bakker
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15586 https://arxiv.…

Time Scale Separation and Hierarchical Control with the Koopman Operator
The Koopman Operator (KO) is a mathematical construct that maps nonlinear (state space) dynamics to corresponding linear dynamics in an infinite-dimensional functional space. For practical applications, finite-dimensional approximations can be constructed with machine learning. The linearity of the KO facilitates the use of linear tools and theories on nonlinear dynamical systems without relying on local approximations. Additionally, the KO has the ability to incorporate forms of domain knowled…

Long time behavior of the Vlasov-Maxwell-Fokker-Planck system with a strong external magnetic field
Anh-Tuan Vu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12231 https://ar…

Long time behavior of the Vlasov-Maxwell-Fokker-Planck system with a strong external magnetic field
The subject matter of this paper concerns the magnetic confinement of plasma. We investigate the long time behavior of the Vlasov-Maxwell-Fokker-Planck system under the effect of a strong external magnetic field. We first formally derive an asymptotically reduced model. In three space dimensions, a constraint occurs along the parallel direction to the magnetic field. To eliminate the corresponding Lagrange multiplier, we then study the Vlasov-Maxwell-Fokker-Planck system in two spatial dimensio…

Partial transpose as a space-time swap
James Fullwood, Junxian Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12256 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.12256

Partial transpose as a space-time swap
While the partial transpose operation appears in many fundamental results in quantum theory -- such as the Peres-Horodecki criterion for entanglement detection -- a physical interpretation of the partial transpose is lacking. In this work, we show that a partial transpose of a bipartite density operator is a two-time pseudo-density operator, which by definition encodes temporal correlations associated with two-point sequential measurement scenarios. As such, it follows that partial transpositio…

The Space-Time Complexity of Sum-Product Queries
Kyle Deeds, Timo Camillo Merkl, Reinhard Pichler, Dan Suciu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11920 https://arxiv…

The Space-Time Complexity of Sum-Product Queries
While extensive research on query evaluation has achieved consistent improvements in the time complexity of algorithms, the space complexity of query evaluation has been largely ignored. This is a particular challenge in settings with strict pre-defined space constraints. In this paper, we examine the combined space-time complexity of conjunctive queries (CQs) and, more generally, of sum-product queries (SPQs). We propose several classes of space-efficient algorithms for evaluating SPQs, and we…

A simple, flexible method for timing cross-calibration of space missions
Matteo Bachetti (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari), Yukikatsu Terada (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, ISAS), Megumi Shidatsu (Ehime University, Graduate School of Science and Engineering), Craig B. Markwardt (X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), Yong Chen (Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of …

A simple, flexible method for timing cross-calibration of space missions
The timing (cross-)calibration of astronomical instruments is often done by comparing pulsar times-of-arrival (TOAs) to a reference timing model. In high-energy astronomy, the choice of solar system ephemerides and source positions used to barycenter the photon arrival times has a significant impact on the procedure, requiring a full reprocessing the data each time a new convention is used. Our method, developed as part of the activities of the International Astronomical Consortium for High Ene…

Just had an MRI.
Last time was decades ago.
Last time the noise was largely clicks, bangs, and buzzes.
But now they have an entire techno-space opera of new sounds.

Adaptive time-domain boundary element methods for the wave equation with Neumann boundary conditions
Alessandra Aimi, Giulia Di Credico, Heiko Gimperlein, Chiara Guardasoni
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12332

Adaptive time-domain boundary element methods for the wave equation with Neumann boundary conditions
This article investigates adaptive mesh refinement procedures for the time-domain wave equation with Neumann boundary conditions, formulated as an equivalent hypersingular boundary integral equation. Space-adaptive and time-adaptive versions of a space-time boundary element method are presented, based on a reliable a posteriori error estimate of residual type. Numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the proposed approach.

Joint space-time wind field data extrapolation and uncertainty quantification using nonparametric Bayesian dictionary learning
George D. Pasparakis, Ioannis A. Kougioumtzoglou, Michael D. Shields
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11385

Joint space-time wind field data extrapolation and uncertainty quantification using nonparametric Bayesian dictionary learning
A methodology is developed, based on nonparametric Bayesian dictionary learning, for joint space-time wind field data extrapolation and estimation of related statistics by relying on limited/incomplete measurements. Specifically, utilizing sparse/incomplete measured data, a time-dependent optimization problem is formulated for determining the expansion coefficients of an associated low-dimensional representation of the stochastic wind field. Compared to an alternative, standard, compressive sam…

Quantum Tomography in Neutral Meson and Antimeson Systems
Kun Cheng, Tao Han, Matthew Low, Tong Arthur Wu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12513 https://

Quantum Tomography in Neutral Meson and Antimeson Systems
The flavor space of particles produced in collider environments contains informative quantum correlations. We present a systematic approach for constructing the complete flavor density matrix for a meson and antimeson system ($M \bar M$) in the Bloch vector space at a given time $t$, which can be at or after production. We point out that the $B_s^0$ and $K^0$ systems are superior to the $B^0_d$ and $D^0$ systems for quantum tomography because of their flavor oscillation and decay properties. Pe…

VITA: Vision-to-Action Flow Matching Policy
Dechen Gao, Boqi Zhao, Andrew Lee, Ian Chuang, Hanchu Zhou, Hang Wang, Zhe Zhao, Junshan Zhang, Iman Soltani
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13231

VITA: Vision-to-Action Flow Matching Policy
We present VITA, a Vision-To-Action flow matching policy that evolves latent visual representations into latent actions for visuomotor control. Traditional flow matching and diffusion policies sample from standard source distributions (e.g., Gaussian noise) and require additional conditioning mechanisms like cross-attention to condition action generation on visual information, creating time and space overheads. VITA proposes a novel paradigm that treats latent images as the flow source, learnin…

Space-Time Trade-off in Bounded Iterated Memory
Guillermo Toyos-Marfurt, Petr Kuznetsov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13157 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.13157…

Space-Time Trade-off in Bounded Iterated Memory
The celebrated asynchronous computability theorem (ACT) characterizes tasks solvable in the read-write shared-memory model using the unbounded full-information protocol, where in every round of computation, each process shares its complete knowledge of the system with the other processes. Therefore, ACT assumes shared-memory variables of unbounded capacity. It has been recently shown that boundedvariables can achieve the same computational power at the expense of extra rounds. However, the exac…

reading more about the energia rockets at https://russianspaceweb.com

Branching space of multipointed d-space
Philippe Gaucher
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08377 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.08377

Branching space of multipointed d-space
Using the notion of short directed path, we introduce the branching space of a multipointed $d$-space. We prove that for any q-cofibrant multipointed $d$-space, it is homeomorphic to the branching space of the q-cofibrant flow obtained by applying the categorization functor. As an application, we deduce a purely topological proof of the invariance of the branching space and of the branching homology of cellular multipointed $d$-spaces up to globular subdivision. By reversing the time direction,…

Multivariate Low-Rank State-Space Model with SPDE Approach for High-Dimensional Data
Jacopo Rodeschini, Lorenzo Tedesco, Francesco Finazzi, Philipp Otto, Alessandro Fass\`o
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12825

Multivariate Low-Rank State-Space Model with SPDE Approach for High-Dimensional Data
This paper proposes a novel low-rank approximation to the multivariate State-Space Model. The Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) approach is applied component-wise to the independent-in-time Matérn Gaussian innovation term in the latent equation, assuming component independence. This results in a sparse representation of the latent process on a finite element mesh, allowing for scalable inference through sparse matrix operations. Dependencies among observed components are introduc…

"Fields" in classical and quantum field theories
Alberto Ibort, Arnau Mas, Luca Schiavone
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15327 https://

"Fields" in classical and quantum field theories
The challenges posed by the development of field theories, both classical and quantum, force us to question their most basic and foundational ideas like the role and origin of space-time, the meaning of physical states, etc. Among them the notion of ``field'' itself is notoriously difficult to address. These notes aim to analyze such notion from the perspective offered by the groupoid description of quantum mechanics inspired by Schwinger's picture of quantum mechanics. Then, a natural interpre…

Superluminal Liouville walls in 2d String Theory and space-like singularities
Sumit R. Das, Shaun D. Hampton, Sinong Liu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12778 https://

Superluminal Liouville walls in 2d String Theory and space-like singularities
An interesting class of time dependent backgrounds in $1+1$ dimensional string theory involves worldsheet Liouville walls which move in (target space) time. When a parameter in such a background exceeds a certain critical value, the speed of the Liouville wall exceeds the speed of light, and there is no usual S-Matrix. We examine such backgrounds in the dual $c=1$ matrix model from the point of view of fluctuations of the collective field, and determine the nature of the emergent space-time per…

Leveraging Geometric Insights in Hyperbolic Triplet Loss for Improved Recommendations
Viacheslav Yusupov, Maxim Rakhuba, Evgeny Frolov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11978 https://

Leveraging Geometric Insights in Hyperbolic Triplet Loss for Improved Recommendations
Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of hyperbolic geometry for capturing complex patterns from interaction data in recommender systems. In this work, we introduce a novel hyperbolic recommendation model that uses geometrical insights to improve representation learning and increase computational stability at the same time. We reformulate the notion of hyperbolic distances to unlock additional representation capacity over conventional Euclidean space and learn more expressive user and …

A Panchromatic View of Late-time Shock Power in the Type II Supernova 2023ixf
W. V. Jacobson-Gal\'an, L. Dessart, C. D. Kilpatrick, P. J. Patel, K. Auchettl, S. Tinyanont, R. Margutti, V. V. Dwarkadas, K. A. Bostroem, R. Chornock, R. J. Foley, H. Abunemeh, T. Ahumada, P. Arunachalam, M. J. Bustamante-Rosell, D. A. Coulter, C. Gall, H. Gao, X. Guo, D. O. Jones, J. Hjorth, M. Kaewmookda, M. M. Kasliwal, R. Kaur, C. Larison, N. LeBaron, H. -Y. Miao, G. Narayan, Y. -C. Pan, S. H. Park,…

A Panchromatic View of Late-time Shock Power in the Type II Supernova 2023ixf
We present multi-wavelength observations of the type II supernova (SN II) 2023ixf during its first two years of evolution. We combine ground-based optical/NIR spectroscopy with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) far- and near-ultraviolet spectroscopy and James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) near- and mid-infrared photometry and spectroscopy to create spectral energy distributions of SN 2023ixf at +374 and +620 days post-explosion, covering a wavelength range of ~0.1-30 $μ$m. The multi-band light curve …

Wormholes: Myth or Reality? Prospects for Future Observations
Subenoy Chakraborty, Madhukrishna Chakraborty
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13715 https://arxiv.…

Wormholes: Myth or Reality? Prospects for Future Observations
Traversable wormholes (TWHs) remain one of the most intriguing predictions of General Relativity (GR), offering passage through space-time. However, their existence requires the violation of the null energy condition, making their detection a bit challenging. The essay aims at showing the new avenues probing the observational prospects of TWHs via quasinormal modes and grey body factors, the two fundamental aspects in wave dynamics. The role of QNMs in characterizing the ringdown phase of pertu…

Waiting is worth it and can be improved with predictions
Ya-Chun Liang, Meng-Hsi Li, Chung-Shou Liao, Clifford Stein
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12822 https…

Waiting is worth it and can be improved with predictions
We revisit the well-known online traveling salesman problem (OLTSP) and its extension, the online dial-a-ride problem (OLDARP). A server starting at a designated origin in a metric space, is required to serve online requests, and return to the origin such that the completion time is minimized. The SmartStart algorithm, introduced by Ascheuer et al., incorporates a waiting approach into an online schedule-based algorithm and attains the optimal upper bound of 2 for the OLTSP and the OLDARP if ea…

The new SwissMicros DM42n came in and this thing is awesome and also built like a mini tank. Got the `db50x` firmware installed as well and it's gonna take some time to figure out where everything is at. However, absolutely loving this thing.
#calculator #hp

MACO: A Multi-Agent LLM-Based Hardware/Software Co-Design Framework for CGRAs
Zesong Jiang, Yuqi Sun, Qing Zhong, Mahathi Krishna, Deepak Patil, Cheng Tan, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Jeff Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13557

MACO: A Multi-Agent LLM-Based Hardware/Software Co-Design Framework for CGRAs
Coarse-grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) are a promising computing architecture that can deliver high-performance, energy-efficient acceleration across diverse domains. By supporting reconfiguration at the functional unit level, CGRAs efficiently adapt to varying computational patterns and optimize resource utilization. However, designing CGRAs is highly challenging due to the vast design space, independent architectural parameters, and the time-consuming nature of manual design. Fortunatel…

Time-bin encoded quantum key distribution over 120 km with a telecom quantum dot source
Jipeng Wang, Joscha Hanel, Zenghui Jiang, Raphael Joos, Michael Jetter, Eddy Patrick Rugeramigabo, Simone Luca Portalupi, Peter Michler, Xiao-Yu Cao, Hua-Lei Yin, Shan Lei, Jingzhong Yang, Michael Zopf, Fei Ding
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.155…

Time-bin encoded quantum key distribution over 120 km with a telecom quantum dot source
Quantum key distribution (QKD) with deterministic single photon sources has been demonstrated over intercity fiber and free-space channels. The previous implementations relied mainly on polarization encoding schemes, which are susceptible to birefringence, polarization-mode dispersion and polarization-dependent loss in practical fiber networks. In contrast, time-bin encoding offers inherent robustness and has been widely adopted in mature QKD systems using weak coherent laser pulses. However, i…

An Efficient and Adaptive Framework for Achieving Underwater High-performance Maintenance Networks
Yu Gou, Tong Zhang, Jun Liu, Zhongyang Qi, Dezhi Zheng
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12661

An Efficient and Adaptive Framework for Achieving Underwater High-performance Maintenance Networks
With the development of space-air-ground-aqua integrated networks (SAGAIN), high-speed and reliable network services are accessible at any time and any location. However, the long propagation delay and limited network capacity of underwater communication networks (UCN) negatively impact the service quality of SAGAIN. To address this issue, this paper presents U-HPNF, a hierarchical framework designed to achieve a high-performance network with self-management, self-configuration, and self-optimi…

Assessing interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Two-meter Twin Telescope
R. de la Fuente Marcos, J. Licandro, M. R. Alarcon, M Serra-Ricart, J. de Leon, C. de la Fuente Marcos, G. Lombardi, A. Tejero, A. Cabrera-Lavers, S. Guerra Arencibia, I. Ruiz Cejudo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12922

Assessing interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Two-meter Twin Telescope
Context. Theories of the formation and evolution of small bodies in planetary systems predict that they may escape into interstellar space at any time. After having characterized just two such interlopers -1I/2017 U1 (Oumuamua) and 2I/Borisov more questions were raised than answered. Assessing the recently discovered interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS will only broaden our understanding of this complex topic. Aims. Here, we investigate the spectral, cometary, and rotational properties of 3I/ATLAS as…

Make Your AUV Adaptive: An Environment-Aware Reinforcement Learning Framework For Underwater Tasks
Yimian Ding, Jingzehua Xu, Guanwen Xie, Shuai Zhang, Yi Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15082

Make Your AUV Adaptive: An Environment-Aware Reinforcement Learning Framework For Underwater Tasks
This study presents a novel environment-aware reinforcement learning (RL) framework designed to augment the operational capabilities of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in underwater environments. Departing from traditional RL architectures, the proposed framework integrates an environment-aware network module that dynamically captures flow field data, effectively embedding this critical environmental information into the state space. This integration facilitates real-time environmental ad…

On the Geometry of $\varphi$-Static Perfect Fluid Space-Times
Letizia Branca, Giulio Colombo, Paolo Mastrolia, Filippo Mastropietro, Marco Rigoli
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11936

On the Geometry of $φ$-Static Perfect Fluid Space-Times
In this paper we study the geometry of $φ$-static perfect fluid space-times ($φ$-SPFST, for short). In the context of Einstein's General Relativity, they arise from a space-time whose matter content is described by a perfect fluid in addition to a nonlinear field expressed by a smooth map $φ$ with values in a Riemannian manifold. Considering the Lorentzian manifold $\hat{M}$ in the form of a static warped product, we derive the fundamental equations via reduction of Einstein's Field Equation…

Berry Monopole Scattering in the Synthetic Momentum Space of a Bilayer Photonic Crystal Slab
Ngoc Duc Le, D. -H. -Minh Nguyen, Dung Xuan Nguyen, Hai Son Nguyen, Dario Bercioux
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11983

Berry Monopole Scattering in the Synthetic Momentum Space of a Bilayer Photonic Crystal Slab
Berry monopoles-quantized sources of Berry curvature-are fundamental to topological phases, yet their scattering remains unexplored. Here, we report for the first time the adiabatic scattering of Berry monopoles in a bilayer photonic crystal slab combining one genuine and one synthetic momentum. Two monopoles approach, collide, and scatter within this hybrid parameter space. The process is described by an effective coupled-mode model and confirmed by full-wave simulations. We further propose an…

Exploration of Two-Photon Exchange in proton Form Factors at BESIII
Lei Xia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12812 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.12812

Exploration of Two-Photon Exchange in proton Form Factors at BESIII
The proton and neutron make up over 99.9\% of visible matter in the universe. The internal structure of protons, governed by ElectroMagnetic Form Factors (EMFFs), has been probed in both space-like (SL) and time-like (TL) regions. The BESIII experiment has achieved the most precise TL proton FF measurements to date, providing new insights into proton structure. However, higher-order effects in EMFFs, especially the impact of Two-Photon Exchange (TPE), remain poorly understood due to experimenta…

Linking Stochastic Self-Propagating Star Formation and Spatio-Temporal Point Processes
Qihan Zou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12372 https://arxiv.org/pdf/250…

Linking Stochastic Self-Propagating Star Formation and Spatio-Temporal Point Processes
The stochastic self-propagating star-formation (SSPSF) model is an important theoretical framework for explaining how localised star-formation events trigger subsequent activity across galactic discs. While widely used to interpret spiral and irregular structures, its probabilistic rules have lacked a formal statistical foundation. In this work, we establish a connection between the SSPSF model and spatio-temporal point processes (STPP), which describe events in space and time through history-d…

Efficient Compilation of Algorithms into Compact Linear Programs
Shermin Khosravi, David Bremner
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13006 https://arxiv.org/pdf/250…

Efficient Compilation of Algorithms into Compact Linear Programs
Linear Programming (LP) is widely applied in industry and is a key component of various other mathematical problem-solving techniques. Recent work introduced an LP compiler translating polynomial-time, polynomial-space algorithms into polynomial-size LPs using intuitive high-level programming languages, offering a promising alternative to manually specifying each set of constraints through Algebraic Modeling Languages (AMLs). However, the resulting LPs, while polynomial in size, are often extre…

\nu-QSSEP: A toy model for entanglement spreading in stochastic diffusive quantum systems
Vincenzo Alba
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11674 https://

ν-QSSEP: A toy model for entanglement spreading in stochastic diffusive quantum systems
We investigate out-of-equilibrium entanglement dynamics in a generalization of the so-called $QSSEP$ model, which is a free-fermion chain with stochastic in space and time hopping amplitudes. In our setup, the noisy amplitudes are spatially-modulated satisfying a $ν$-site translation invariance but retaining their randomness in time. For each noise realization, the dynamics preserves Gaussianity, which allows to obtain noise-averaged entanglement-related quantities. The statistics of the stead…

$L^2$-solutions to stochastic reaction-diffusion equations with superlinear drifts driven by space-time white noise^
Shijie Shang, Pengyu Wang, Tusheng Zhang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12744

$L^2$-solutions to stochastic reaction-diffusion equations with superlinear drifts driven by space-time white noise^
Consider the following stochastic reaction-diffusion equation with logarithmic superlinear coefficient b, driven by space-time white noise W: $$ u_t(t,x) = (1/2)u_{xx}(t,x) + b(u(t,x)) + σ(u(t,x))W(dt,dx) $$ for $t > 0$ and $x \in [0,1]$, with initial condition $$ u(0,x) = u_0(x) $$ for $x \in [0,1]$, where $u_0 \in L^2[0,1]$. In this paper, we establish existence and uniqueness of probabilistically strong solutions in $C(R_+, L^2[0,1])$. Our result resolves a problem from [Ann. Probab. 47 (…

Free mutual information and higher-point OTOCs
Shreya Vardhan, Jinzhao Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13406 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.13406

Free mutual information and higher-point OTOCs
We introduce a quantity called the free mutual information (FMI), adapted from concepts in free probability theory, as a new physical measure of quantum chaos. This quantity captures the spreading of a time-evolved operator in the space of all possible operators on the Hilbert space, which is doubly exponential in the number of degrees of freedom. It thus provides a finer notion of operator spreading than the well-understood phenomenon of operator growth in physical space. We derive two central…

PFAS ‘forever’ chemicals found in 98% of US waters tested https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/2025/08/pfas-forever-chemicals-found-in-98-of-us-waters-tested/

PFAS ‘forever’ chemicals found in 98% of US waters tested
A recent study from the U.S.-based environmental nonprofit Waterkeeper Alliance has found “forever chemicals” contamination in 98% of the waterways it tested in the United States. The findings come at a time when representatives from the world are gathered in Geneva, Switzerland, for the United Nations plastics treaty negotiations to hammer out a plan to […]

Systematic Constraint Formulation and Collision-Free Trajectory Planning Using Space-Time Graphs of Convex Sets
Matthew D. Osburn, Cameron K. Peterson, John L. Salmon
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10203

Systematic Constraint Formulation and Collision-Free Trajectory Planning Using Space-Time Graphs of Convex Sets
In this paper, we create optimal, collision-free, time-dependent trajectories through cluttered dynamic environments. The many spatial and temporal constraints make finding an initial guess for a numerical solver difficult. Graphs of Convex Sets (GCS) and the recently developed Space-Time Graphs of Convex Sets formulation (ST-GCS) enable us to generate optimal minimum distance collision-free trajectories without providing an initial guess to the solver. We also explore the derivation of general…

On the efficiency of a posteriori error estimators for parabolic partial differential equations in the energy norm
Iain Smears
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13188

On the efficiency of a posteriori error estimators for parabolic partial differential equations in the energy norm
For the model problem of the heat equation discretized by an implicit Euler method in time and a conforming finite element method in space, we prove the efficiency of a posteriori error estimators with respect to the energy norm of the error, when considering the numerical solution as the average between the usual continuous piecewise affine-in-time and piecewise constant-in-time reconstructions. This illustrates how the efficiency of the estimators is not only possibly dependent on the choice …

Strong words at #ag2025goerlitz as the war against science by the current White House is also affecting German astronomy big time: in space as shown here as well as on the ground with dramatic cuts to the NSF.

Interact or Twist: Cosmological Correlators from Field Redefinitions Revisited
Donggang Wang, Xiangwei Wang, Yi Wang, Wenqi Yu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12856 https://

Interact or Twist: Cosmological Correlators from Field Redefinitions Revisited
In cosmology, correlation functions on a late-time boundary can arise from both field redefinitions and bulk interactions, which are usually believed to generate distinct results. In this letter, we propose a counterexample showcasing that correlators from local field redefinitions can be identical to the ones from bulk interactions. In particular, we consider a two-field model in de Sitter space, where the field space gets twisted by field redefinitions to yield a nontrivial reheating surface.…

Differential Communication in Channels with Mobility and Delay Spread using Zak-OTFS
Sandesh Rao Mattu, Nishant Mehrotra, Robert Calderbank
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12593

Differential Communication in Channels with Mobility and Delay Spread using Zak-OTFS
Zak-transform based orthogonal time frequency space (Zak-OTFS) is a delay-Doppler (DD) domain modulation scheme in which the signal processing is carried out in the DD domain. The channel when viewed in the DD domain is predictable. However, even with Zak-OTFS, pilots need to be sent periodically, albeit at a lower rate. In this paper, we propose a differential communication scheme for Zak-OTFS systems that alleviates the need for periodic pilot transmission. Towards this, we analytically show …

Thermalization of Bottomonium in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Nora Brambilla, Tom Magorsch, Antonio Vairo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11743 https://arxiv.org/pdf/…

Thermalization of Bottomonium in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
We study the approach to equilibrium of bottomonium in the quark-gluon plasma within the open quantum system framework. We perform large-scale simulations of the long-time behavior in three dimensions using the quantum trajectory method to observe the emergence of steady states and determine the timescale of thermalization in position-, angular-momentum-, and color-space. We find that the thermalization timescale increases with decreasing temperature and decreasing coupling to the medium, which…

A multiwavelength study of the new Galactic center black hole candidate MAXI J1744-294
Shifra Mandel (Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory), Kaya Mori (Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory), Anna Ciurlo (UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy), Paul A. Draghis (MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research), Noa Grollimund (Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e, Universit\'e Paris-Saclay), Gaurava K. Jaisawal (DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark), Chichuan Jin (National Astr…

A multiwavelength study of the new Galactic center black hole candidate MAXI J1744-294
For the first time in nearly a decade, a new, bright transient was detected in the central parsec (pc) of the Galaxy. MAXI J1744-294 was never observed in outburst prior to January 2025. We present the results of a broadband, multi-wavelength study of this enigmatic source, including data from the NuSTAR, Chandra, XMM-Newton, Swift, and NICER X-ray telescopes, as well as complementary radio and near-infrared observations. We find that MAXI J1744-294 remained in the bright/soft state throughout …

Overcoming Standardization: Revealing Hidden Age Patterns of Suicide with Spatiotemporal Models
J. Mart\'in-Pozuelo (Department of Statistics and Operations Research. University of Valencia), A. L\'opez-Qu\'ilez (Department of Statistics and Operations Research. University of Valencia), X. Barber (Joint Research Unit UMH-FISABIO), M. Marco (Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia)

Overcoming Standardization: Revealing Hidden Age Patterns of Suicide with Spatiotemporal Models
Indirect standardization is widely used in disease mapping to control for confounding, but relies on restrictive assumptions that may bias estimates if violated. Using data on suicide-related emergency calls, this study highlights such limitations and proposes age-structured hierarchical Bayesian models as an alternative. These models incorporate space-time, space-age, and time-age interactions, allowing for more accurate estimation without strong assumptions. The results show improved model fi…

Effect of Non-commutativity on Accretion Disks around RGI-Schwarzschild Black Hole
Dilip Kumar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13056 https://

Effect of Non-commutativity on Accretion Disks around RGI-Schwarzschild Black Hole
In this study, we explore the combined effects of quantum gravity induced by non-commutativity and scale-dependent gravitational coupling on the thermal properties of the thin accretion disks around a Schwarzschild black hole. We consider a $κ$-deformed Renormalization Group Induced (RGI) Schwarzschild black hole, where the classical Schwarzschild black hole geometry is modified by the $κ$-deformation of space-time and the running Newton's coupling constant $G(r)$. Using the modified metric, …

Pointwise convergence to initial data of heat and Poisson equations in Modulation Spaces
Divyang G. Bhimani, Rupak K. Dalai
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13220

Pointwise convergence to initial data of heat and Poisson equations in Modulation Spaces
We characterize weighted modulation spaces (data space) for which the heat semigroup $e^{-tL}f$ converges pointwise to the initial data $f$ as time $t$ tends to zero. Here $L$ stands for the standard Laplacian $-Δ$ or Hermite operator $H=-Δ+|x|^2$ on the whole domain. Similar result also holds for Poisson semigroup $e^{-t\sqrt{L}}f.$ We also prove that the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator operates on certain modulation spaces. This may be of independent interest.

Space-time Coded Differential Modulation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
Jiawei Qiu, Harry Leib
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10244 https://arxiv.org/…

Space-time Coded Differential Modulation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) hold the promise of improving significantly coverage, as well as spectral and energy efficiency in wireless communication systems. Techniques based on RIS form a key technology for 6G systems. An important issue in RIS technology is Channel State Information (CSI), which is much more difficult to acquire in such systems. This work introduces a Differential Space-Time Modulation (DSTM) scheme integrated with Differential Reflecting Modulation (DRM) to by…

1Q: First-Generation Wireless Systems Integrating Classical and Quantum Communication
Petar Popovski, \v{C}edomir Stefanovi\'c, Beatriz Soret, Israel Leyva-Mayorga, Shashi Raj Pandey, Ren\'e B{\o}dker Christensen, Jakob Kaltoft S{\o}ndergaard, Kristian Skafte Jensen, Thomas Garm Pedersen, Angela Sara Cacciapuoti, Lajos Hanzo
https://

1Q: First-Generation Wireless Systems Integrating Classical and Quantum Communication
We sketch out the concept of 1Q, the first wireless generation of integrated classical and quantum communication. The 1Q framework features quantum base stations (QBSs) that support entanglement distribution via free-space optical links alongside traditional radio communications. Key new components include quantum cells, quantum user equipment (QUEs), and hybrid resource allocation spanning classical time-frequency and quantum entanglement domains. Several application scenarios are discussed an…

Activity in White Dwarf Debris Disks I: Spitzer Legacy Reveals Variability Incompatible with the Canonical Model
Hiba Tu Noor, Jay Farihi, Scott J. Kenyon, Roman R. Rafikov, Mark C. Wyatt, Kate Y. L. Su, Carl Melis, Andrew Swan, Thomas G. Wilson, Boris T. G\"ansicke, Amy Bonsor, Laura K. Rogers, Seth Redfield, Mukremin Kilic
https://a…

Activity in White Dwarf Debris Disks I: Spitzer Legacy Reveals Variability Incompatible with the Canonical Model
This study presents all available, multi-epoch 3.6 and 4.5 $μ$m photometry from Spitzer Space Telescope observations of white dwarf debris disks, including weekly cadence observations of 16 relatively bright systems, and 5 h staring-mode observations for five of these. Significant variability is detected in 85 per cent of disks and across all timescales probed, from minutes to weeks to years, where the largest flux changes correlate with the longest time baselines, and the infrared excesses pe…

Bayesian Anomaly Detection for Ia Cosmology: Automating SALT3 Data Curation
S. A. K. Leeney, W. J. Handley, H. T. J. Bevins, E. de Lera Acedo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13394 ht…

Bayesian Anomaly Detection for Ia Cosmology: Automating SALT3 Data Curation
Precision cosmology with Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) requires robust quality control of large, heterogeneous datasets. Current data processing often relies on manual, subjective rejection of photometric data, a practice that is not scalable for forthcoming surveys like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). We present a Bayesian framework that automates this step by integrating anomaly detection directly into the light curve fitting process. While the framework …

U-Mamba2: Scaling State Space Models for Dental Anatomy Segmentation in CBCT
Zhi Qin Tan, Xiatian Zhu, Owen Addison, Yunpeng Li
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12069 https://

U-Mamba2: Scaling State Space Models for Dental Anatomy Segmentation in CBCT
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a widely used 3D imaging technique in dentistry, providing volumetric information about the anatomical structures of jaws and teeth. Accurate segmentation of these anatomies is critical for clinical applications such as diagnosis and surgical planning, but remains time-consuming and challenging. In this paper, we present U-Mamba2, a new neural network architecture designed for multi-anatomy CBCT segmentation in the context of the ToothFairy3 challenge. U-…

Adaptive least-squares space-time finite element methods for convection-diffusion problems
Christian K\"othe, Olaf Steinbach
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11955 https://

Adaptive least-squares space-time finite element methods for convection-diffusion problems
In this paper we formulate and analyse adaptive (space-time) least-squares finite element methods for the solution of convection-diffusion equations. The convective derivative $\mathbf{v} \cdot \nabla u$ is considered as part of the total time derivative $\frac{d}{dt}u = \partial_t u + \mathbf{v} \cdot \nabla u$, and therefore we can use a rather standard stability and error analysis for related space-time finite element methods. For stationary problems we restrict the ansatz space $H^1_0(Ω)$ …

Measurement of the $W$-boson angular coefficients and transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
The ATLAS Collaboration
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13759

Measurement of the $W$-boson angular coefficients and transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
The angular distributions of Drell-Yan lepton pairs provide sensitive probes of the underlying dynamics of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) effects in vector-boson production. This paper presents for the first time the measurement of the full set of angular coefficients together with the differential cross-section as a function of the transverse momentum of the $W$ boson, in the full phase space of the decay leptons. The measurements are performed separately for the $W^-$ and $W^+$ channels. The an…

The Role of Entanglement in Quantum Reservoir Computing with Coupled Kerr Nonlinear Oscillators
Ali Karimi, Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi, Youssef Kora, Christoph Simon
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11175

The Role of Entanglement in Quantum Reservoir Computing with Coupled Kerr Nonlinear Oscillators
Quantum Reservoir Computing (QRC) uses quantum dynamics to efficiently process temporal data. In this work, we investigate a QRC framework based on two coupled Kerr nonlinear oscillators, a system well-suited for time-series prediction tasks due to its complex nonlinear interactions and potentially high-dimensional state space. We explore how its performance in time-series prediction depends on key physical parameters: input drive strength, Kerr nonlinearity, and oscillator coupling, and analyz…

LTA-thinker: Latent Thought-Augmented Training Framework for Large Language Models on Complex Reasoning
Jiaqi Wang, Binquan Ji, Haibo Luo, Yiyang Qi, Ruiting Li, Huiyan Wang, Yuantao Han, Cangyi Yang, jiaxu Zhang, Feiliang Ren
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12875

LTA-thinker: Latent Thought-Augmented Training Framework for Large Language Models on Complex Reasoning
Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models can be dynamically optimized using Test-Time Scaling (TTS) to mitigate Overthinking. Methods such as Coconut, SoftCoT and its variant are effective in continuous latent space inference, the core bottleneck still lies in the efficient generation and utilization of high-quality Latent Thought. Drawing from the theory of SoftCoT++ that a larger variance in the generated Latent Thought distribution more closely approximates the golden truth distribution, w…

Decoding in Latent Spaces for Efficient Inference in LLM-based Recommendation
Chengbing Wang, Yang Zhang, Zhicheng Wang, Tianhao Shi, Keqin Bao, Fuli Feng, Tat-Seng Chua
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11524

Decoding in Latent Spaces for Efficient Inference in LLM-based Recommendation
Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for recommendation in a generative manner has delivered promising results, but encounters significant inference overhead due to autoregressive decoding in the language space. This work explores bypassing language-space decoding by directly matching candidate items with the LLM's internal thought representations in the latent space, eliminating the time-consuming autoregressive process to reduce computational costs. Towards this, we introduce Light Latent…

Schr\"odinger-invariance in the voter model
Malte Henkel, Stoimen Stoimenov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11654 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.11654

Schrödinger-invariance in the voter model
Exact single-time and two-time correlations and the two-time response function are found for the order-parameter in the voter model with nearest-neighbour interactions. Their explicit dynamical scaling functions are shown to be continuous functions of the space dimension $d>0$. Their form reproduces the predictions of non-equilibrium representations of the Schrödinger algebra for models with dynamical exponent $\mathpzc{z}=2$ and with the dominant noise-source coming from the heat bath. Hence …

Next-Generation Reservoir Computing for Dynamical Inference
Rok Cestnik, Erik A. Martens
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11338 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.11338

Next-Generation Reservoir Computing for Dynamical Inference
We present a simple and scalable implementation of next-generation reservoir computing for modeling dynamical systems from time series data. Our approach uses a pseudorandom nonlinear projection of time-delay embedded input, allowing an arbitrary dimension of the feature space, thus providing a flexible alternative to the polynomial-based projections used in previous next-generation reservoir computing variants. We apply the method to benchmark tasks -- including attractor reconstruction and bi…

Federal funding is about to run out for 19 active #NASA space missions studying Earth's climate, exploring the Solar System, and probing mysteries of the Universe: https://arstechnica.com/space/2025/09/scientists-its-do-or-die-time-for-americas-primacy-exploring-the-solar-system/ - this year's budget expires at the end of this month, and Congress must act before October 1 to avert a government shutdown; if Congress passes a budget before then, it will most likely be in the form of a continuing resolution, an extension of this year's funding levels into the first few weeks or months of fiscal year 2026.

Bidirectional Age of Incorrect Information: A Performance Metric for Status Updates in Virtual Dynamic Environments
Chiara Schiavo, Manuele Favero, Alessandro Buratto, Leonardo Badia
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13312

Bidirectional Age of Incorrect Information: A Performance Metric for Status Updates in Virtual Dynamic Environments
Virtual dynamic environments (VDEs) such as the Metaverse and digital twins (DTs) require proper representation of the interacting entities to map their characteristics within the simulated or augmented space. Keeping these representations accurate and up-to-date is crucial for seamless interaction and system reliability. In this paper, we propose bidirectional age of incorrect information (BAoII) to address this aspect. BAoII quantifies the time-dependent penalty paid by an entity in a VDE due…

Vorticity blow-up for the 3D incompressible Euler equations
Wenjie Deng, Song Jiang, Minling Li, Zhaonan Lou
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13226 https://arxiv…

Vorticity blow-up for the 3D incompressible Euler equations
In this paper, we study the finite-time blow-up for classical solutions of the 3D incompressible Euler equations with low-regularity initial vorticity. Applying the self-similar method and stability analysis of the self-similar system in critical Sobolev space, we prove that the vorticity of the axi-symmetric 3D Euler equations develops a finite-time singularity with certain scaling indices. Furthermore, we investigate the time integrability of the solutions. The proof is based on the new obser…

Adaptive FEM with explicit time integration for the wave equation
Marcus J. Grote, Omar Lakkis, Carina S. Santos
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11193 https://

Adaptive FEM with explicit time integration for the wave equation
Starting from a recent a posteriori error estimator for the finite element solution of the wave equation with explicit time-stepping [Grote, Lakkis, Santos, 2024], we devise a space-time adaptive strategy which includes both time evolving meshes and local time-stepping [Diaz, Grote, 2009] to overcome any overly stringent CFL stability restriction on the time-step due to local mesh refinement. Moreover, at each time-step the adaptive algorithm monitors the accuracy thanks to the error indicators…

Non-intersecting Brownian Motions and Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos
Ahmet Keles
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11505 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.11505

Non-intersecting Brownian Motions and Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos
We obtain Fisher-Hartwig asymptotics with root and jump type singularities in space-time under the law of the stationary Hermitian Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which serve as a dynamical generalization of earlier static results obtained by Riemann-Hilbert methods. This extends previous asymptotics by [Krasovsky 2007], [Its, Krasovsky 2008], and [Charlier 2019]. As a consequence, fractional powers of the absolute value of the characteristic polynomial of this process (and the exponential eigenval…

As temperatures soar, it’s time to close the green space gap https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/aug/07/temperatures-green-space-gap-urban-extreme-heat

Detector-based measurement-induced state updates in AdS/CFT
Vijay Balasubramanian, Esko Keski-Vakkuri, Nicola Pranzini
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13457 https://

Detector-based measurement-induced state updates in AdS/CFT
Conventional understandings of quantum theory hold that measurements change the state of an observed system following the Lüders update rule. Textbooks describe the application of this idea to non-relativistic systems, but extensions to relativistic and gravitating systems encounter subtleties. One consistent approach is via detector-based measurements. We study the effects of such measurements in a CFT with a holographic dual. We work out the boundary space-time regions associated to a Lüder…

WHU-STree: A Multi-modal Benchmark Dataset for Street Tree Inventory
Ruifei Ding, Zhe Chen, Wen Fan, Chen Long, Huijuan Xiao, Yelu Zeng, Zhen Dong, Bisheng Yang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13172

WHU-STree: A Multi-modal Benchmark Dataset for Street Tree Inventory
Street trees are vital to urban livability, providing ecological and social benefits. Establishing a detailed, accurate, and dynamically updated street tree inventory has become essential for optimizing these multifunctional assets within space-constrained urban environments. Given that traditional field surveys are time-consuming and labor-intensive, automated surveys utilizing Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) offer a more efficient solution. However, existing MMS-acquired tree datasets are limite…

Space-time Areas and Hadronization Studies
S. Abachi, C. Buchanan
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05784 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.05784

Space-time Areas and Hadronization Studies
Space-time area laws play a fundamental role in modeling strongly interacting phenomena, such as in relativistic string models, QCD on the lattice, and in hadronization modeling. For the latter, an exact expression for relevant space-time areas related to the final state hadronic events for hadrons of any mass is calculated. Usage of this expression in the UCLA hadronization model helps validate its space-time area law (STAL) principle and unifies the treatment of heavy and light hadrons via a …

SKYSURF VIII -- Modeling SKYSURF Completeness Data for Comparison to the Hubble Space Telescope Exposure Time Calculator
Zachary Goisman (Arizona State University School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering), Timothy Carleton (Arizona State University School of Earth and Space Exploration), Seth H. Cohen (Arizona State University School of Earth and Space Exploration), Delondrae Carter (Arizona State University School of…

SKYSURF VIII -- Modeling SKYSURF Completeness Data for Comparison to the Hubble Space Telescope Exposure Time Calculator
Accurately assessing image source completeness is critical for interpreting measurements on telescope data. Using the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) data from the Hubble Space Telescope ($HST$) archival project "SKYSURF", we model galaxy completeness as a function of the exposure time and background of an image. This is accomplished by adding simulated objects with varying magnitudes and sizes into these images, and determining the detection rate for each set o…

Spontaneous formation of subsystem and bath under accordion-type driving
Suyang Lin, Ming Gong, Congjun Wu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12761 https://arxiv.o…

Spontaneous formation of subsystem and bath under accordion-type driving
Floquet modulations often yield effective Hamiltonians not easily accessible in traditional time-dependent systems, which brings opportunities for exploring novel physics of quantum dynamics. We investigate a Floquet system exhibiting translational symmetry at any fixed time but the spatial periodicity is time-dependent. Such a system is a natural platform for studying thermalization and novel dynamical structures. We find that the single-particle Hilbert space spontaneously develops a structur…

An explicit computational approach for a three-dimensional system of nonlinear elastodynamic sine-Gordon problem
Eric Ngondiep
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14807

An explicit computational approach for a three-dimensional system of nonlinear elastodynamic sine-Gordon problem
This paper proposes an explicit computational method for solving a three-dimensional system of nonlinear elastodynamic sine-Gordon equations subject to appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The time derivative is approximated by interpolation technique whereas the finite element approach is used to approximate the space derivatives. The developed numerical scheme is so-called, high-order explicit computational technique. The new algorithm efficiently treats the time derivative term and p…

Numerical study of a nonlocal nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (MMT model)
Amin Esfahani, Gulcin M. Muslu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11064 https://arx…

Numerical study of a nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation (MMT model)
In this paper, we study a nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation (MMT model). We investigate the effect of the nonlocal operator appearing in the nonlinearity on the long-term behavior of solutions, and we identify the conditions under which the solutions of the Cauchy problem associated with this equation is bounded globally in time in the energy space. We also explore the dynamical behavior of standing wave solutions. Therefore, we first numerically generate standing wave solutions of nonlo…

Functional law of large numbers and central limit theorem for Crump-Mode-Jagers branching processes
Ibrahima Dram\'e, Etienne Pardoux
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12058 https:…

Functional law of large numbers and central limit theorem for Crump-Mode-Jagers branching processes
We establish a Law of Large Numbers and a Central Limit Theorem for a class of Crump Mode Jagers continuous time branching processes, where the birth rate is age dependent, and also random (different from one individual to the next), in the limit of a large number of ancestors. The only difficulty concerns the tightness in the Skorohod space $D$ for the central limit theorem. We exploit a criterion for the CLT in $D$ due to M. Hahn \cite{MH}.

Lives, not stocks! Animals are not stocks! #AnimalRights

Animals are not stock!
Transportation is a highly traumatic time for a lot of animals

Unfolded distillation: very low-cost magic state preparation for biased-noise qubits
Diego Ruiz, J\'er\'emie Guillaud, Christophe Vuillot, Mazyar Mirrahimi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12511

Unfolded distillation: very low-cost magic state preparation for biased-noise qubits
Magic state distillation enables universal fault-tolerant quantum computation by implementing non-Clifford gates via the preparation of high-fidelity magic states. However, it comes at the cost of substantial logical-level overhead in both space and time. In this work, we propose a very low-cost magic state distillation scheme for biased-noise qubits. By leveraging the noise bias, our scheme enables the preparation of a magic state with a logical error rate of $3 \times 10^{-7}$, using only 53 …

A toy model for frequency cascade in the nonlinear Schrodinger equation
R\'emi Carles (IRMAR), Erwan Faou (Inria, IRMAR, MINGUS)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15226

A toy model for frequency cascade in the nonlinear Schrodinger equation
We present an elementary approach to observe frequency cascade on forced nonlinear Schr{ö}dinger equations. The forcing term consists of a constant term, perturbed by a modulated Gaussian well. Algebraic computations provide an explicit frequency cascade when time and space derivatives are discarded from the nonlinear Schr{ö}dinger equation. We provide stability results, showing that when derivatives are incorporated in the model, the initial algebraic solution may be little affected, possibl…

Analog Quantum Phase Estimation with Single-Mode Readout
Wei-Chen Lin, Chiao-Hsuan Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15668 https://arxi…

Analog Quantum Phase Estimation with Single-Mode Readout
Eigenvalue estimation is a central problem for demonstrating quantum advantage, yet its implementation on digital quantum computers remains limited by circuit depth and operational overhead. We present an analog quantum phase estimation (aQPE) protocol that extracts the eigenenergies of a target Hamiltonian via continuous time evolution and single-mode cavity measurement. By encoding eigenvalue information as conditional cavity phase-space rotations, the scheme avoids deep quantum circuits and …

Impact of space-time curvature coupling on the vacuum energy induced by a magnetic topological defect in flat space-time of arbitrary dimension
V. M. Gorkavenko, O. V. Barabash, I. V. Ivanchenko, P. O. Nakaznyi, M. S. Tsarenkova, N. S. Yakovenko, A. O. Zaporozhchenko
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06815

Impact of space-time curvature coupling on the vacuum energy induced by a magnetic topological defect in flat space-time of arbitrary dimension
We have investigated vacuum polarization of a quantized charged massive scalar field in the presence of a magnetic topological defect, modeled as an impenetrable tube of finite thickness carrying magnetic flux. At the tube's surface, we imposed a generalized Robin boundary condition. Our analysis demonstrates that, in flat space-time, the total induced vacuum energy is independent of the coupling $ξ$ of the scalar field's interaction with the space-time curvature only in the special cases of D…

A time-splitting Fourier pseudospectral method for the Wigner(-Poisson)-Fokker-Planck equations
Qian Yi, Limin Xu
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11153 https://…

A time-splitting Fourier pseudospectral method for the Wigner(-Poisson)-Fokker-Planck equations
In this article, we propose an efficient time-splitting Fourier pseudospectral method for the Wigner(-Poisson)-Fokker-Planck equations. The method achieves second-order accuracy in time and spectral accuracy in phase space, both of which are rigorously verified by numerical experiments. The validated scheme is then employed to study the long-time dynamics of these systems. We investigate the existence of steady states for both the Wigner-Fokker-Planck and Wigner-Poisson-Fokker-Planck equations.…

Panama’s ocean lifeline vanishes for the first time in 40 years #Panama

Panama’s ocean lifeline vanishes for the first time in 40 years
Every year, Panama’s Pacific coast benefits from powerful seasonal winds that drive nutrient-rich waters to the surface, sustaining fisheries and protecting coral reefs. But in 2025, for the first time in at least four decades, this crucial upwelling did not occur. Scientists suspect weakened trade winds linked to climate disruption played a role, leaving cooler waters absent and fisheries under stress.

Long-Time Dynamics of the 3D Vlasov-Maxwell System with Boundaries
Jin Woo Jang, Chanwoo Kim
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11064 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.11…

Long-Time Dynamics of the 3D Vlasov-Maxwell System with Boundaries
We construct global-in-time classical solutions to the nonlinear Vlasov-Maxwell system in a three-dimensional half-space beyond the vacuum scattering regime. Our approach combines the construction of stationary solutions to the associated boundary-value problem with a proof of their asymptotic dynamical stability in $L^\infty$ under small perturbations, providing a new framework for understanding long-time wave-particle interactions in the presence of boundaries and interacting magnetic fields.…

Mixed finite element projection methods for the unsteady Brinkman equations
Costanza Aric\`o, Rainer Helmig, Ivan Yotov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14059 https://

Mixed finite element projection methods for the unsteady Brinkman equations
We present $H(\text{div})$-conforming mixed finite element methods for the unsteady Brinkman equations for incompressible single-phase flow with fixed in space porous solid inclusions. We employ a projection scheme with incremental pressure correction, which requires at each time step the solution of a predictor and a projection problem. The predictor problem, which uses a stress-velocity mixed formulation, accounts for the viscous effects, while the projection problem, which is based on a velo…

Subordinators and time-space fractional diffusion equations
Mohamed Majdoub, Ezzedine Mliki
https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10203 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.102…

Subordinators and time-space fractional diffusion equations
We study the long-time behavior of solutions to a class of evolution equations arising from random-time changes driven by subordinators. Our focus is on fractional diffusion equations involving mixed local and nonlocal operators. By combining techniques from probability theory, asymptotic analysis, and partial differential equations (PDEs), we characterize the dynamics of the subordinated solutions. This approach extends classical fractional dynamics and establishes a deeper connection between …

Enhancing the Clique Local Decoder to Correct Length-2 Space Errors in the Surface Code
Zikang Jia, Shravan Veerapaneni, Gokul Subramanian Ravi
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11481

Enhancing the Clique Local Decoder to Correct Length-2 Space Errors in the Surface Code
The growing demand for fault-tolerant quantum computing drives the need for efficient, scalable Quantum Error Correction (QEC) strategies. Conventional decoders designed for worst-case error scenarios incur significant overhead, prompting the development of local decoders, that leverage the sparse and often trivial nature of many quantum errors, to support the conventional decoders. The previously proposed Clique decoder addresses this by handling isolated, length-1 space and time errors within…

Non-uniform time-stepping in k-space pseudospectral time domain models of acoustic propagation
Matthew J. King, B. E. Treeby, B. T. Cox
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07635

Non-uniform time-stepping in k-space pseudospectral time domain models of acoustic propagation
Non-uniform time stepping in acoustic propagation models can be used to preserve accuracy or reduce computational cost for an acoustic simulation with a wave front propagating through a domain with both heterogeneous and homogenous regions, such as for a simulation of breast ultrasound tomography. The k-space correction already exist within the literature to remove numerical dispersion caused by the time stepping procedure in pseudo-spectral time domain models, but requires a uniform time step.…